As is well known in electrolyte theory, electrostatic fields are attenuated by the presence of mobile charges in the solution. This seems to limit the possibility of an electrostatic repulsion model of biological interactions such as cell division. Here, a system of two charges in an ionic solution is considered. It is found that in the context of the symmetries of the system, the electrostatic...

The simplest, single-component biological membrane challenges accepted models of macromolecular interactions: lipid lamellar phases swell when immersed in monovalent salt solutions. Moreover, typical of a Hofmeister series, Br salts swell multilayers more than Cl salts, offering an excellent opportunity to investigate long-standing questions of ionic specificity. In accord with earlier measurem...

We study the critical thresholds for the compressible pressureless Euler equations with pairwise attractive or repulsive interaction forces and non-local alignment forces in velocity in one dimension. We provide a complete description for the critical threshold to the system without interaction forces leading to a sharp dichotomy condition between global in time existence or finite-time blow-up...

Inter-anionic hydrogen bonds in ionic liquids have been found using DFT calculations, and the induction dispersion forces are to be key factors overcome strong Coulomb repulsion.

PURPOSE To optimize dose distribution for prostate cancer in low-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy, we have developed a new algorithm named the Attraction-Repulsion Model. The purpose was to find the optimal source configuration. METHODS AND MATERIALS The Attraction-Repulsion Model is used to optimize the dose distribution by finding the best seed configuration. We arranged grids at interv...

Introduction The first step in any fusion event involving biological membranes or liposomes is the close contact between the two lipid bilayers. Hefore the local collapse which gives rise to a single membrane from two membranes, the two phospholipid interfaces have to approach each other. Different interacting forces are involved. Van der Waals forces are attractive and can extend to distance o...

We report the experimental observation of interaction forces between two fundamental spatial optical solitons in a nonlinear glass waveguide. Both attraction and repulsion were observed, depending on the relative phase between the solitons.

Collective animal behaviour is often modeled by systems of agents that interact via effective social forces, including short-range repulsion and long-range attraction. We search for evidence of such effective forces by studying laboratory swarms of the flying midge Chironomus riparius. Using multi-camera stereoimaging and particle-tracking techniques, we record three-dimensional trajectories fo...

This paper presents a physics-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm, known as Electromagnetic Field Optimization (EFO). The proposed algorithm is inspired by the behavior of electromagnets with different polarities and takes advantage of a nature-inspired ratio, known as the golden ratio. In EFO, a possible solution is an electromagnetic particle made of electromagnets, and the number o...