R-automata are finite state machines extended with counters which can be incremented or reset to zero along the transitions. The universality question asks whether there is a constant D such that all words are accepted by some run along which no counter exceeds D. It has been shown in [2] that this question is decidable. In this paper, we add one more operation to R-automata, namely the operati...

Measuring the private returns to R&D requires knowledge of its private depreciation or obsolescence rate, which is inherently variable and responds to competitive pressure. Nevertheless, most of the previous literature has used a constant depreciation rate to construct R&D capital stocks and measure the returns to R&D, a rate usually equal to 15 per cent. In this paper I review the implications...

C Supplementary Appendix: More than Two Types Let us expand the type space to be {1, ..., N}, N > 2. The receivers’ prior, μ0, is a probability distribution with full support over the type space. When describing beliefs (be they prior, interim or final) we use superscripts to denote the probability assigned to the various types (e.g., μ0 is the probability the prior assigns to type t). We now a...

Let R be a ring with center Z(R). We write the commutator [x, y] = xy− yx, (x, y ∈ R). The following commutator identities hold: [xy,z] = x[y,z] + [x,z]y; [x, yz] = y[x,z] + [x, y]z for all x, y,z ∈ R. We recall that R is prime if aRb = (0) implies that a= 0 or b = 0; it is semiprime if aRa = (0) implies that a = 0. A prime ring is clearly a semiprime ring. A mapping f : R→ R is called centrali...

The aim of this paper is to discuss issues based on foundation design in conjunction with partial factor format for the future development of foundation design codes. That the resistance factor approach is superior to the material factor approach in practical terms for foundation design is concluded. Then, a common procedure from geotechnical investigation/ testing to determine the design geote...

Along with the proliferation of online digital map and locationbased service, very large POI (point of interest) databases have been constructed where a record corresponds to a POI with information including name, category, address, geographical location and other features. A basic spatial query in POI database is POI retrieval. In many scenarios, a user cannot provide enough information to pin...

OLAP applications make use of fast indexes and materialization of data. Most research treats just one topic. Either the materialized values or the design of index structures are considered. This paper examines a possible combination of both techniques. The R -tree is taken as an example of a multi-dimensional index structure. Aggregated data is stored in the inner nodes of the index structure i...