General Authority for Educational Buildings (GAEB) in Egypt is responsible for new construction and maintenance of the educational building [1]. According to the Sixth Five- Years Plan in Egypt, the program of educational structures includes new construction of about 2915 schools, with 39.8 thousand classes. Also, maintenance works for buildings about 1250 schools. These works needs a high budg...

This brief examines the challenges faced by Georgia in its implementation of a Prioritized Program Budgeting system, with a particular focus on the development of the state’s budgetary program structure. While there is voluminous information about the development and use of performance measures, e.g.,(Hatry 1999; Poister & Streib 1999; Kittredge & Kissler 1998; Joyce 1999, 2003), there are few ...

There appears to be a renewed emphasis in Washington on reducing the federal budget deficit. Although the US economy is improving, it appears that the only way to make real progress in reducing the deficit is to reduce government expenditures. The desire to reduce the deficit, coupled with the President’s agenda that includes several controversial and potentially costly items, has many in Washi...

S ince 2004, the Center for Biosecurity has tracked and published a series of articles detailing funding for civilian biodefense programs throughout the federal government. Each year, when the President publishes a budget for the federal agencies, the biodefense funding analysis is updated with new appropriations amounts and new programs. Estimated funding for the previous fiscal year is replac...

Financial management includes all processes that build organizations' equity through accumulating assets in strategically important areas. The tactical aspects of financial management are budget deployment and monitoring. Budget deployment is the process of making sure that costs are fairly allocated. Budget monitoring addresses issues of effective uses and outcomes of resources. This article d...