In animals, the piRNA pathway preserves the integrity of gametic genomes, guarding them against the activity of mobile genetic elements. This innate immune mechanism relies on distinct genomic loci, termed piRNA clusters, to provide a molecular definition of transposons, enabling their discrimination from genes. piRNA clusters give rise to long, single-stranded precursors, which are processed i...

Enzymes are biodegradable catalysts naturally present in living organisms. can accelerate biochemical reactions by reducing the activation energy, and they not consumed during reaction processes. Numerous applications of enzymes have been developed biotechnology, industry, medicine, pharmaceuticals, food processing, biofuels, so on. In this study, we develop a mathematical model describing enzy...

Improving system performance in terms of data rate, mobility and cost is the scope of Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. In LTE networks the handover (HO) decision is performed by the evolved base station (eNB). The ping-pong movement in LTE is one of the most crucial problems which reduce the quality of the connection and degrade the performance of the handover. In this paper, the impact of pin...

On the basis of initial velocity and product inhibition studies a nonclassical Ping Pong Bi Bi Uni Uni mechanism has been proposed for pyruvate carboxylase from chicken liver. The nonclassical feature of this mechanism is the proposal that each active site on the enzyme is composed of two separate and functionally distinct catalytic sites, i.e., a separate catalytic site exists for the reactant...

The Security of the RSA implementation of ping-pong protocols is considered. It is shown that the obvious RSA properties, such as "multiplicativity", do not endanger the security of ping-pong protocols. Namely, if a ping-pong protocol is secure in general then its implementation using an "ideal RSA" is also secure.

On the basis of initial velocity and product inhibition studies a nonclassical Ping Pong Bi Bi Uni Uni mechanism has been proposed for pyruvate carboxylase from chicken liver. The nonclassical feature of this mechanism is the proposal that each active site on the enzyme is composed of two separate and functionally distinct catalytic sites, i.e., a separate catalytic site exists for the reactant...

Location areas is a popular location management scheme in cellular networks. In the location areas scheme, a mobile terminal updates its location whenever it moves into a cell that belongs to a new location area. However, no matter how the location areas are designed, the ping-pong location update effect exists when a mobile terminal moves back and forth between two location areas. The paper de...

1. The kinetic properties of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase system were investigated. To this end, initial-velocity studies were carried out by the method of Fromm [(1967) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 139, 221-230]. Reciprocal plots of the results did not agree with those expected for the Hexa Uni Ping Pong mechanism previously proposed for the system. 2. The measured initial velocities were fitted...

This paper proposes a ping-pong document clustering method using NMF and the linkage based refinement alternately, in order to improve the clustering result of NMF. The use of NMF in the ping-pong strategy can be expected effective for document clustering. However, NMF in the ping-pong strategy often worsens performance because NMF often fails to improve the clustering result given as the initi...

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase, which reductively liberates nitrite from nitrate esters, is related to old yellow enzyme. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase follows a ping-pong mechanism with competitive substrate inhibition by NADPH, is strongly inhibited by steroids, and is capable of reducing the unsaturated bond of 2-cyclohexen-1-one.