Chimeric poliovirus RNAs, possessing the 5' nontranslated region (NTR) of hepatitis C virus in place of the 5' NTR of poliovirus, were used to examine the role of the poliovirus 5' NTR in viral replication. The chimeric viral RNAs were incubated in cell-free reaction mixtures capable of supporting the sequential translation and replication of poliovirus RNA. Using preinitiation RNA replication ...

Expression of the human poliovirus receptor (PVR) in transgenic mice results in susceptibility to poliovirus infection. In the primate host, poliovirus infection is characterized by restricted tissue tropism. To determine the pattern of poliovirus tissue tropism in PVR transgenic mice, PVR gene expression and susceptibility to poliovirus infection were examined by in situ hybridization. PVR RNA...

BACKGROUND In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis. Although substantial progress toward this goal has been made, eradication remains elusive. In 2004, the World Health Organization called for the development of a potentially more immunogenic monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine. METHODS We conducted a trial in Egypt to compare the immunogenicity of a newly...

Brefeldin A (BFA), a fungal metabolite that blocks transport of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, was found to inhibit poliovirus replication 10(5)- to 10(6)-fold. BFA does not inhibit entry of poliovirus into the cell or translation of viral RNA. Poliovirus RNA synthesis, however, is completely inhibited by BFA. A specific class of membranous vesicles, with which the p...

A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for the detection of poliovirus antigen. Rabbit and guinea pig antisera for the assay were raised against purified poliovirus type 3/Fin (strain 3/Fin/K) isolated from a fecal specimen from a meningitis patient during an outbreak of poliomyelitis in Finland in 1984. The EIA was highly specific for poliovirus type 3, and it was about 30 times ...

The mechanism of the enhancement by Yaba virus (YV) of poliovirus plaque formation was studied. Poliovirus adsorbed equally well to both YV-infected and normal J INET cells. Infectious RNA of poliovirus was also enhanced in YVinfected cells, thus indicating the step or sequence of steps of poliovirus growth cycle enhanced by YV may be those subsequent to poliovirus uncoating. One-step growth ex...

The human poliovirus receptor consists of three extracellular immunoglobulinlike domains, a transmembrane domain, and an intracytoplasmic domain. The amino-terminal variable-type domain (V domain) of the human poliovirus receptor is necessary and sufficient for its function as a viral receptor (H.-C. Selinka, A. Zibert, and E. Wimmer, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:3598-3602, 1991). In this pape...

Although the initial site of poliovirus replication in humans is the intestine, previously isolated transgenic mice which carry the human poliovirus receptor (PVR) gene (TgPVR mice), which develop poliomyelitis after intracerebral inoculation, are not susceptible to infection by the oral route. The low levels of PVR expressed in the TgPVR mouse intestine might explain the absence of poliovirus ...

The effects of poliovirus 3A protein expression and poliovirus infection on the presentation of hepatitis C virus antigens in cultured chimpanzee cells were examined. Expression of poliovirus 3A protein inhibits protein secretion when expressed in isolation and was sufficient to protect chimpanzee cells from lysis by hepatitis C virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in standard (51)Cr-release assays...

Poliovirus is a single stranded RNA virus, a member of the family Picornaviridae, genus poliovirus. There are three strains poliovirus types 1-3. Poliovirus is an important cause of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), which when attributable to poliovirus is known as paralytic poliomyelitis. Paralytic poliomyelitis follows approximately 0.1-2% of poliovirus infections and typically presents as an ac...