blackleg disease of oilseed rape, caused by leptosphaeria maculans, is one of the three most important diseases of the plant in iran. it is also considered as one of the most important diseases of oilseed rape worldwide which causes serious yield losses. during 2010 the oilseed rape fields were surveyed at province golestan and plant samples demonstrating suspected symptoms of the disease were ...

Structural equation models have been widely used to study causal relationships between continuous variables. Recently, a non-Gaussian method called LiNGAM was proposed to discover such causal models and has been extended in various directions. An important problem with LiNGAM is that the results are affected by the random sampling of the data as with any statistical method. Thus, some analysis ...

Acidified cupric acetate soaks were tested for eradication of Xanthomonas campestris from naturally infected crucifer seeds. The pathogen was eradicated from seeds by soaking in 0.5% cupric acetate dissolved in 0.005 N acetic acid for 20 min at 35, 40, 45, and 50 degrees C but not 25 degrees C. Moreover, normal bacterial flora of crucifer seeds and the seed-borne Phoma lingam and Alternaria spp...

The taxonomy of the coelomycetes has undergone dramatic changes in recent years, but remains controversial due to the high number of taxa involved, their poor morphological differentiation, the rare occurrence of the sexual morphs, and rapid loss of fertility in vitro. In the present study, we revisited the families Cucurbitariaceae and Didymellaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes), which inclu...

Structural equation models and Bayesian networks have been widely used to study causal relationships between continuous variables. Recently, a non-Gaussian method called LiNGAM was proposed to discover such causal models and has been extended in various directions. An important problem with LiNGAM is that the results are affected by the random sampling of the data as with any statistical method...

Sequence data from the 18S nrDNA (SSU) and 28S nrDNA (LSU) regions of isolates of Phoma section Paraphoma were compared with those of representative isolates of the morphologically similar anamorph genera Pleurophoma and Pyrenochaeta and of the type species of Phoma sections Phoma, Pilosa and Plenodomus. Phoma section Paraphoma was found to be highly polyphyletic within the Pleosporales and onl...

The current list of Chinese quarantine pests includes 130 fungal species. However, recent changes in the taxonomy fungi following one fungus = name initiative and implementation DNA phylogeny taxonomic revisions, resulted many these species names, necessitating an update list. In addition, lack modern morphological descriptions authentic sequences, posing significant challenges for development ...