Manipur and Nagaland in northeast India report an antenatal HIV prevalence of > 1% and the current HIV prevalence among injecting drug users is 24% and 4.5% respectively. Through support from DFID's Challenge Fund, Emmanuel Hospital Association (EHA) established thirteen drop-in-centres across the two states to deliver opioid substitution treatment with sublingual buprenorphine for 1200 injecti...

There continues to be profound differences in TB incidences as well as in TB treatment and care across Europe in recent years. High TB incidences are observed in Eastern Europe and especially among injecting drug users (IDUs), and there are large overlaps with a HIV epidemic, which is also far from being under control in this region. Further, mortality rates among HIV-positive patients with TB ...

It is critical that issues surrounding the abuse and misuse of prescription opioids be balanced with the need for these medications for the treatment of pain. One way to decrease the abuse of prescription opioid medications is to develop abuse deterrent formulations (or ADFs) that in some way prevent drug abusers from extracting out the active ingredient in order to employ alternate routes of a...

background addiction is a community problem, which has a negative effect on mental health and huge burden on society. previous studies clarify the role of substance abuser attitude on addiction.this study aimed to evaluate the effect of psycho education on attitude to drug addiction in patients with opioid dependency. material and methods total 40 patients (age18-45 years old), who have been re...

This study reviews the available Indian literature on buprenorphine abuse. Buprenorphine was introduced in 1986; the abuse, first noticed in 1987, increased rapidly till 1994, and then decreased gradually. Initiated through other addicts and medical practitioners, the abuse was mostly as a cheap, easily and legally available substitute for opioids. The typical young adult male abuser used an in...

The study's (n = 447) purposes were to (1) describe relationships of abuser behavior to elder women's perception of barriers to help-seeking; (2) compare fit of model to participants' levels of abuse, race-ethnicity, age, and gender and relationship of identified close other; and (3) determine extent to which the model differentiated relationship of abuser to participant and level of abuse. Ana...

Newly, researchers have emphasized the importance of cognitive-schema affective elements in person sexual reaction [1,2] and have extended new theoretical approach and therapeutic techniques based on this perspective. Most empirical studies in this field have been focused on specific cognitive constructs such as cognitive distraction [3,4], efficacy expectancies [5], causal attributions [4] or ...

Infective endocarditis is a serious disease associated with high mortality. Patients surviving recurrent bouts of infective endocarditis are reported infrequently. We report on a non-drug abuser patient who experienced seven episodes of infective endocarditis--the largest number reported to our knowledge in a single non-drug abuser patient.

Nowadays, security is of great concern for any organization developing software systems for various requirements. Moreover, the same becomes more complicated during integration of security measures with agile software development methodology due to its lightweight informal nature. The requirements engineering is considered as one of the key element associated with any software development proce...

OBJECTIVE Clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, increases the quality of perioperative sedation and analgesia with a few side effects. This study was designed to assess the effect of clonidine premedication on the anesthesics used for elective below knee surgeries in opium abusers and non-abusers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized clinical trial, 160 patients were selected and assigne...