Methadone and buprenorphine are widely used for treating people with opioid dependence, including pregnant women. Prenatal exposure to opioids has devastating effects on the development of human fetuses and may induce long-term physical and neurobehavioral changes during postnatal maturation. This study aimed at comparing the behavioral outcomes of young rats prenatally exposed to buprenorphine...

introduction: stress has many effects on the development of systems and organs in the fetal period, and these effects appear after birth. since hemopoietic system is susceptible to stress, effects of restraint stress were studied in offspring of pregnant rats. methods: pregnant rats were divided into one control and three stress groups. the control group did not receive any stress during the ge...

BACKGROUND About 2% of pregnant women receive non-obstetric surgery under general anesthesia each year. During pregnancy, general anesthetics may affect brain development of the fetus. This study aimed to investigate safe dosage range of isoflurane. METHODS Forty-eight SpragueDawley (SD) pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and inhaled 1.3% isoflurane (the Iso1 group), 2.0% isofl...

Prenatal stimulations have been shown to have long-term effects on at reproductive activity. We evaluated the influence of the prenatal stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis in male offsprings from mothers with high number of offsprings per litter (HNL) and low number of offsprings per litter (LNL) after hypothesizing that the number of offsprings per litter may modify the effec...

Objective: A clinically observable metabolic disorder often takes its root from modulation of transcriptional factors which in turn are responsible for perturbed protein expressions and their sequelae. Perinatal perturbations due to chronic prenatal exposure to a certain type of rice could predispose parents exposed to such ‘insult’ and their subsequent offsprings to metabolic diseases. Materi...

Introduction: Stress has many effects on the development of systems and organs in the fetal period, and these effects appear after birth. Since hemopoietic system is susceptible to stress, effects of restraint stress were studied in offspring of pregnant rats. Methods: Pregnant rats were divided into one control and three stress groups. The control group did not receive any stress during th...

The effect of maternal forced exercise on central disorders in offsprings has been shown but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the role of 5-HT2 and D2 receptors in neuroprotective effects of maternal forced exercise on offspring neurodevelopment and neurobehavioral symptoms is evaluated. Sixty pregnant rats were trained by forced exercise and some behavioral and molecular aspects ...

Abnormalities in anatomy and function of the cranial nerve motor nuclei and brain stem structures have been demonstrated in some people with autism and can be modeled in rats by exposure to valproic acid (VPA) during very early nervous system developmental stages (neural tube closure). The aim of this study was to investigate if VPA will have an impact on nociception in rats because of reported...

Background: It is believed that cognitive processing is easily disturbed by incompatible environmental stimulations. Many studies have shown that prenatal stress affects fetal brain development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of noise pollution exposure during conception period on neural activity of hippocampus CA1 area in male rat offspring. Methods: Four groups of rats inclu...