ABSTRACT Purpose: To identify the lymphatic vessels in orbital specimens from human cadavers using light microscopy and immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: A postmortem study included 10 cadavers. The were obtained no later than 12 hours after death. dissected into lacrimal gland, optic nerve, fat tissue, oculomotor muscles. histologic criteria to qualify as a vessel thin-walled channels of ...

The author makes comments about the shortening and loss of elasticity of the oculomotor muscle that remains slack for some time (contracture), by means of a reasoning based on the Hooke s law and on the papers carried out to demonstrate that a muscle that remains relaxed for some time suffers a shortening due to loss of sarcomeres on the longitudinal direction and the increase of the cross-sect...

Ophthalmoplegia or the paralysis of nerves supplying extraocular muscles can be due to numerous etiologies. In alcohol users, ophthalmoplegia might Wernicke's encephalopathy. A high dose thiamine should used with a index suspicion in such cases, but at same time, other life-threatening conditions not missed. Careful history taking, clinical features and neuro imaging guide identifying likely ae...

Background: Dyslexia is the most common learning disorder. Visual and oculomotor deficits in dyslexic children have been reported. The purpose of this study was to measure oculomotor parameters and analyze the effect of oculomotor rehabilitation strategies on dyslexia. Methods: Binocular eye movements were recorded by oculomotor subtype of videonystagmography (VNG) testing on 30 children with ...

Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles is an autosomal dominant congenital disorder characterized by bilateral ptosis, restrictive external ophthalmoplegia with the eyes partially or completely fixed in an infraducted (downward) and strabismic position, and markedly limited and aberrant residual eye movements. It has been generally thought that these clinical abnormalities result from m...

THERE have been described about thirty cases of this interesting phenomenon. Axenfeld and Schuirenberg (1901) have their names attached to the condition in the Continental literature; they called it " Cyclic Congenital Oculomotor Disease". Fuchs, however, described a case much earlier (1893). The clinical picture is quite different from recurrent oculomotor palsy. The cause is still a matter of...

Simultaneous co-firing of the levator palpebrae (LP) and pterygoid muscles were recorded in Marcus Gann Syndrome (MGS) patients in early clinical studies. "Release hypothesis" proposed an intrinsic masticatory oculomotor neural circuit and this kind circuit, which, however, has been observed only in amphibian. On the other hand, congenital miswiring hypothesis has overwhelmed other interpretati...

Previous studies have suggested that abnormal visual experience early in life induces ocular motor abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to determine how visual deprivation alters the function and gene expression profile of the ocular motor system in mice. We measured the effect of dark rearing on eye movements, gene expression in the oculomotor nucleus, and contractility of isolated ext...

Extraocular muscle is fundamentally distinct from other skeletal muscles. Here, we review the biological organization of the extraocular muscles with the intent of understanding this novel muscle group in the context of oculomotor system function. The specific objectives of this review are threefold. The first objective is to understand the anatomic arrangement of the extraocular muscles and th...