It is generally recognized that the genes or inheritable characters of all organisms, with the possible exception of the bacteria, are localized in the cell nucleus, and, more specifically, in the chromosomes. The intrinsic relationship between the genes and the chromosomal nucleoproteins is supported by cytochemical as well as by photochemical evidence: Desoxyribonucleoproteins represent the q...

Glucocorticoid-dependent negative feedback of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is mediated in part through direct inhibition of hypothalamic CRH gene transcription. In the present study, we sought to further localize and characterize glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and AP-1 interactions at a functionally defined negative glucocorticoid response element (nGRE) of the CRH promoter. Transient ...

1. Agglutination and precipitation by the specific substance of Streptococcus viridans are parallel phenomena. Separate specific substances have been extracted from strains which are distinct by ordinary serological tests. Preliminary chemical examination indicates that the specific substances may be complex carbohydrates. 2. A close relationship between nucleoproteins from different strains of...

1. The sera of rabbits injected repeatedly with the nucleoproteins, globulins, and albumins of the liver and kidney of the dog give no evidence in vitro or in vivo experiments of organ affinity. The precipitin test offers no proof of the specificity of these sera for the proteins employed as antigens. 2. The anaphylaxis reaction applied to the same proteins indicates a slight relative organ aff...

CTLs recognize peptide epitopes which are proteolytically generated by the proteasome and presented on MHC class I molecules. According to the defective ribosomal product (DRiP) hypothesis, epitopes originate from newly synthesized polypeptides which are degraded shortly after their translation. The DRiP hypothesis would explain how epitopes can be generated from long-lived proteins. We examine...

All negative-sense, single-stranded RNA (−ssRNA) viruses encode a nucleoprotein (NP), the major function of which is to bind viral RNAs and encapsidate them as ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) (1, 2). Consequently, the genomes of −ssRNA viruses do not exist as naked RNA but rather as protein–RNA complexes with high-order structures. In PNAS, Li et al. (3), Niu et al. (4), and Reguera et al. (...