Symbiosis can be defined as a mutually beneficial relationship. Can there be a symbiotic relationship between forest products and the environment? If there is symbiosis of forest products and the environment, human beings are central to the process. Historically forests have always played a significant role in the human environment. At one end of the relationship, forests help provide the oxyge...

11–1

Hollow nonwood baseball bats have performance advantages over wooden bats. The hollow barrel bats act as a spring or trampoline during the bat-ball collision. The trampoline effect can occur at different natural frequencies known as hoop modes. To examine the effect of the hoop mode on the bat-ball collision, modal analysis and performance measurements were performed on a sample of hollow nonwo...

This paper describes an attempt to integrate the assessment of some non-wood forest products (NWFPs) in the framework of a standard forest inventory. The study is restricted mainly to medicinal and aromatic plants, i.e., herbal NWFPs, a group that has economic importance in the hill regions of Nepal. Several specific difficulties are discussed. They arise from the fact that a regular forest inv...

T field of forest products is a blend of several subjects—forestry, biology, chemistry, and engineering, among many others. This blending can at times lead to communication gaps between disciplines and create confusion for consumers. Inaccuracies can lead to the inappropriate utilization of wood, shortening its service life, or worse, creating safety hazards. It is therefore pertinent for users...

Climate change mitigation benefits from the land sector are not being fully realised because of uncertainty and controversy about the role of native forest management. The dominant policy view, as stated in the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report, is that sustainable forest harvesting yielding wood products, generates the largest mitigation benefit. We demonstrate that changing native forest managem...

Declining profi tability of agriculture and/or higher prices of forest products and services typically drive an increase in forest cover. This article examines changes in forest cover in Candelaria Loxicha, Mexico. Forest cover increased in the area as a result of coffee cultivation in coffee forest-garden systems. Dependence on forest products and services, and not prices of forest products, d...