A comprehensive study of pulsed nitriding in AISI H13 tool steel at low temperature (400°C) is reported for several durations. X-ray diffraction results reveal that a nitrogen enriched compound (-Fe2-3N, iron nitride) builds up on the surface within the first process hour despite the low process temperature. Beneath the surface, X-ray Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscopy (WDS) in a Scanning Elec...

2.1 NITROGEN AND IT ROLE IN THE PLANT.................................................................................... 3 2.2 THE PLANT NITROGEN STATUS ................................................................................................ 4 2.3 PLANT AVAILABLE NITROGEN ................................................................................................. 5 2.3.1 Root inte...

In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) was performed to simulate the dynamic processes of 1:4 acetone/nitrogen permeating through different Al2O3 membranes by Materials Studio 2.2 software package. Three modeling systems were constructed applying different modeling box lengths as well as different hollow size and texture of Al2O3 membranes to compare different permeation behaviors. In each syste...

in this study, the effect of grain size on nitrogen diffusion into ck45 has been investigated. in order to obtain different grain sizes, samples were annealed and normalized at various temperatures and durations.the grain size was determined with clemex vision software. then, the specimens were exposed to dc plasma nitriding treatment and again analyzed by optical microscope ,scanning electron ...

Oxygen diffusion in polymer membranes has great significances on the choice of packaging materials. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations and Grand canonical Monte Carlo were used to study the diffusion of oxygen in polymer membranes. It is found that the diffusion coefficient of oxygen in polymer membranes increases as the temperature increases. And the diffusion coefficient of oxygen i...

Growth of thinner gate oxides and their thickness control is one of many challenges in scaling technologies today. Nitrogen implantation can be used to control gate oxide thicknesses. This article reports a study on the fundamental behavior of nitrogen diffusion in silicon. Nitrogen was implanted as N2 1 at a dose of 5310 ions/cm at 40 and 200 keV through a 50 Å screen oxide into Czochralski si...

Rutile TiO2 (110) single crystals were doped with nitrogen by heating at 675 C in flowing NH3 gas. This caused a red shift in the band edge and an increase in visible region absorption. Nitrogen depth profiles obtained using dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) could best be fitted by assigning three distinct diffusion coefficients. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated the...

The crystal structure of mayenite (ideal composition: Ca12Al14O33) consists of a (disordered) calcium-aluminate framework comprising 32 of the 33 oxygen anions. It contains large open cages, 1/6 of them being filled randomly by the remaining “free” oxygen which is available for diffusion and very high ionic conductivities. This extraframework oxygen could be substituted by nitrogen, opening up ...