When iron . lactoferrin and apolactoferrin were submitted to nitration with tetranitromethane, the number of unmodified tyrosine residues recovered upon acid hydrolysis was 4-5 in the former case against 0-1 in the latter. The iron-binding capacity of lactoferrin appeared to remain intact following nitration of the iron-containing form of the protein, whereas metal-combining properties were des...

Biodiesel production from vegetable oil will produce glycerol as by-product about 10% of the biodiesel production. The amount of glycerol that was produced needed alternative way to handling immediately so as to not become the waste that polluted environment. One of the solutions was to process glycerol to polyglycidyl nitrate (PGN). PGN is synthesized from glycerol by three-step reactions i.e....

The inhibitory effects of various endogenous and synthetic compounds on the nitration and oxidation of L-tyrosine by peroxynitrite were examined. Nitrating and oxidizing activities were monitored by the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine and dityrosine with a HPLC-UV-fluorescence detector system, respectively. Glutathione, serotonin and synthetic sulfur- and selenium-containing compounds inhibited bo...

There has been some dispute regarding reaction products formed at physiological peroxynitrite fluxes in the nanomolar range with phenolic molecules, when used to predict the behavior of protein-bound aromatic amino acids like tyrosine. Previous data showed that at nanomolar fluxes of peroxynitrite, nitration of these phenolic compounds was outcompeted by dimerization (e.g. biphenols or dityrosi...

Light-induced nitration pathways of phenols are important processes for the transformation of pesticide-derived secondary pollutants into toxic derivatives in surface waters and for the formation of phytotoxic compounds in the atmosphere. Moreover, phenols can be used as ˙NO(2) probes in irradiated aqueous solutions. This paper shows that the nitration of 4-chlorophenol (4CP) into 2-nitro-4-chl...

Lipid oxidation and nitration represents a novel area of research of relevance in the understanding of inflammatory processes. Peroxynitrite, the product of the diffusion-limited reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide anion, mediates oxidative modifications in lipid systems including cell membranes and lipoproteins. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of lipid oxidation and nitratio...

The occurrence of protein tyrosine nitration under disease conditions is now firmly established and represents a shift from the signal transducing physiological actions of (.)NO to oxidative and potentially pathogenic pathways. Tyrosine nitration is mediated by reactive nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite anion (ONOO(-)) and nitrogen dioxide ((.)NO2), formed as secondary products of (.)NO me...

Nitration of p-tert-butylcalix[n]arene methyl ethers under a variety of reaction conditions has been examined. It has been determined that amongst different nitration procedures adopted (AlCl3/KNO3, HNO3/CH3COOH, HNO3/(CH3CO)2O, cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate/CH3COOH), ipso-nitration with CH3COOH/HNO3 gives best yields of p-nitrocalixarenes and work up conditions. ipso-Nitration of tetramethoxytet...