The WAM traditionally optimizes for lists in two ways: by a list-specialized instruction set (LSIS) and by a list-specialized data representation (LSDR). These are partly orthogonal and their relative merit is unknown. In this paper, we perform an experiment within hProlog, which compares the schemas (LSIS+LSDR), (LSIS) and (). If no LSDR is used, it means that lists are treated as the syntacti...

isoniazid, is the only antituberculous drug for which the relation between lack of virulence and acquisition of resistance was associated. inh-resistant mutants were shown to contain defective katg gene. classical studies showed that inh-resistant south indian isolates have lower virulence in guinea pigs and higher susceptibility to h2o2. it is of interest to assess the virulence in south india...

  Photoproteins are excellent reporter systems because they don’t have virtually background signal. Aequorin is the most well-known photoprotein. Three improved engineered photoproteins photina, i-photina and c-photina, were also recently developed and optimized for generation of Ca2+ mobilization assays precisely. The total light emission is greater than aequorin and their reacti...

Quinolones are a large and widely consumed class of synthetic drugs. Expanded-spectrum quinolones, like ciprofloxacin are highly effective against Gram-negative bacteria, especially Escherichia coli. In E. coli the major target for quinolones is DNA gyrase. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, GyrA and GyrB encoding by gyrA and gyrB, respectively. Mutations in either of these genes cause qu...

plants showing root and crown rot were collected from 48 bean fields in the khuzestan and markazi provinces during 2005-2006. using specific primers (fsphr/fsphf) for these forma specialis, three isolates were identified as f.s. f.sp. phaseoli. conidial suspension of one of these isolates were irradiated (in a 60co- gamma cell with activity of 2500 curi and 0.38 grey per second dose rates) with...

Quinolones are a large and widely consumed class of synthetic drugs. Expanded-spectrum quinolones, like ciprofloxacin are highly effective against Gram-negative bacteria, especially Escherichia coli. In E. coli the major target for quinolones is DNA gyrase. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, GyrA and GyrB encoding by gyrA and gyrB, respectively. Mutations in either of these genes cause qu...

Appearance of bacteria resistant to antibacterial agents puts physicians in trouble and threatens the health of the world. The rapid development of bacterial resistance in Escherichia coli to ciprofloxacin makes difficult the treatment of infectious diseases. So, detection of the locations of possible mutations in gyrase A gene ( gyrA ) in these mutants is very important to determine the mech...

We studied the effects of G-CSF on microglial reactions in mutant SOD1 (mSOD1)-Tg (G93A) ALS model mice. Following hypoglossal axotomy, the numbers of neurons and microglia expressing GDNF were significantly lower in mSOD1-Tg mice than in non-transgenic (NTG) littermates. This decrease in the number of neurons after axotomy and a decrease in the number of large myelinated axons in mSOD1-Tg mice...

AcrAB-TolC is a major efflux pump in Escherichia coli. It was reported that tolC is overexpressed and involves in improving the organic solvent tolerance level in Escherichia coli marR mutants that are resistant to several antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin. Low and intermediate levels resistance did not improve organic solvent tolerance. Thus, in this descriptive-experimental study it was deci...

mara activates two membrane dependent mechanisms of resistance to different antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, including promotion of outflux and inhibition of influx of antibiotics. thus, mara causes multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype. the activation of these mechanisms needs overexpression of mara. this could happen through mutation in marr. thus, the aim of this study...