We propose new techniques for natural quality variable rate spectral speech coding at an average rate of 2.2 kbps for dialog speech and 2.8 kbps for monolog speech. The coder models the Fourier spectrum of each frame and it builds on recent enhancements to the classical multiband excitation (MBE) approach. New techniques for robust pitch estimation and tracking, for e cient quantization of voic...

This work addresses the need for high quality, very low bit rate speech compression algorithms that can be utilised in many forthcoming multimedia applications. The speech coding algorithm proposed in this paper is a variable rate system based on the adaptive source-driven frame length scheme. Maximum speech compression is achieved for long-term steady-state speech and nonspeech (silence and un...

Department of Chemistry and Chemical Bio 02138, USA. E-mail: [email protected] edu † Electronic supplementary information (E information about the experimental setup conformation of the chain; (3) values of experiments; and (4) a comparison betw the predictions of the Boltzmann model values. See DOI: 10.1039/c3sm27385g ‡ These authors have contributed equally Cite this: Soft Matter, 2013, 9, ...

‎in this article‎, we use a finite difference technique‎ ‎to solve variable-order fractional integro-differential equations‎ ‎(vofides‎, ‎for short)‎. ‎in these equations‎, ‎the variable-order fractional integration(vofi) and‎ ‎variable-order fractional derivative (vofd) are described in the‎ ‎riemann-liouville's and caputo's sense,respectively‎. ‎numerical experiments‎, ‎consisting of two exam...

the current study aims at investigating women’s sense of social security and factors influencing it in mashhad city in 2006. the population of the study includes women above 15 years old from 12 different districts in mashhad. the sample size, based on cluster sampling technique, was 360 persons. sense of security is having mental peace against those dangers and problems which threatens a perso...