Successful implementation of site-specific crop management relies on accurate quantification of spatial variation of important factors. Data collection on a finer spatial resolution than is feasible with manual and/or laboratory methods is often required but cost prohibitive. Therefore, there is a need for the development of sensors to more accurately characterize within-field variability. The ...

Great opportunities exist for Ion-Selective Electrodes (ISEs) in the fields of environmental monitoring and of wearable applications for example as the sensing part in wireless networks. In this review special attention is given to the recent results obtained with Solid Contact IonSelective Electrodes and Solid Contact Reference Electrodes. Their combination as disposable sensing platform may o...

Abstract The utility of carbon paste electrode for the determination of flavoxate HCl modified with flavoxate-tetraphenylborate (FLX-TPB) and flavoxate-phosphotungestic acid (FLX-PTA) ion-pairs in batch mode is demonstrated. The electrodes revealed a Nernstian response over a wide concentration ranges 1.39×10-5-1x10-2 mol L-1 and1×10-5-1x10-2 mol L-1 using FLX-TPB and FLX-PTA, respectively. The...

Microelectrodes are the basis of the techniques discussed in this book. They are used for: (1) potential recording; (2) current injection; (3) introduction into the cell of ionselective resins for measuring potential or determining the free concentration of cytosolic constituents. (1) and (2) are the procedures underlying conventional microelectrode recording, voltage-clamping and patch-clampin...

Chalcogenide glasses offer an excellent “challenge” for their use and implementation in sensor arrays due to their good sensor-specific advantages in comparison to their crystalline counterparts. This paper will give an introduction on the preparation of chalcogenide glasses in the thin-film state. First, single microsensors have been prepared with the methods of semiconductor technology. In a ...

Portable instrumentation has been developed to measure halogen acid gases inside and around armored vehicles during fire suppression tests at Aberdeen Proving Ground. This technology is used to troubleshoot for leaks, conduct area sampling, and measure occupational exposure levels of toxic gases in air. A continuous denuder extracts the gases into an aqueous medium containing the appropriate io...

a carbon nanocomposite electrode has been designed by incorporation of montmorillonite nanoclayinto the carbon ionic liquid electrode for the electrochemical determination of amitriptiline . the surface ofthe proposed electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. the presence of ionic liquid asa binder is believed to be responsible for the electrocatalytic activity of the propose...

Introduction The Astra-8 is a floor-standing seven-channel, automatic, discrete analyser for use in the clinical chemistry laboratory. A:t present it will analyse serum for urea, sodium, potassium, chloride, total carbon dioxide, glucose, and creatinine. It calculates the anion gap and osmolality, and also the ratio of blood urea.nitrogen to creatinine when these are expressed as mg/dl. Urine m...

abstract wenner direct contact method is a method of estimating apparent electrical conductivity (eca) of agricultural soils in situ. this method can be affected by factors such as quality of electrodes in contact with soil, type of employed electric current, moisture content, clay content and compaction of soil. in this research, the effect of electrode type (rod and plate) and electric curren...