A fully variable valve train significantly increases the degree of freedom control internal combustion engines. Cylinder deactivation, thermal management, alternative strategies, and minimized pumping losses are just a few examples enabled by freely adaptable intake exhaust timings. This paper presents method to achieve accurate tracking load trajectories under stoichiometric conditions. feedba...

Cylinder deactivation is an effective measure to reduce the fuel consumption of internal combustion engines. This paper deals with several practical aspects switching from conventional operation deactivated cylinders, i.e., gas spring closed intake and exhaust valves. The focus this lies on one particular quantity-controlled stoichiometrically-operated engine where load controlled using valve t...

The lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) are important central areas for the control of sodium appetite. In the present study, we investigated the importance of the facilitatory mechanisms of the CeA on NaCl and water intake produced by the deactivation of LPBN inhibitory mechanisms. Male Holtzman rats (n=7-14) with stainless steel cannulas implanted...

A model based control scheme is designed to regu late the cylinder air charge of a camless multicylinder engine for unthrottled operation The controller con sists of a feedforward and an adaptive feedback scheme based on a control oriented model of the breathing process of an engine equipped with electro hydraulic springless valve train The nonlinear control scheme is designed to achieve cylind...

Catalyst activity and performance are the most important factors for selecting a catalyst in different processes. The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a very important synthesis that extensive action has been taken place to increase the activity of its catalysts in the recent century. Deactivation of the catalysts of the process is influenced by many factors, among which coking and sintering have c...

Valvetrain flexibility enables the optimization of the engine’s ability to breathe across the operating range, resulting in more efficient operation. The authors have shown the merit of improving volumetric efficiency via valvetrain flexibility to improve fuel efficiency at elevated engine speeds in the previous work. This study focuses on production viable solutions targeting similar volumetri...

This paper presents an analysis of six sets engine valves, each set consisting one exhaust valve and intake valve. Each pair valves was used in with different displacement mileage. The were subjected to microscopic analysis, hardness measurement chemical composition using a glow discharge spectrometer energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). design materials the showed that both their present form...