A one-dimensional, coupled hail and cloud model (HAILCAST) is tested to assess its ability to predict hail size. The model employs an ensemble approach when forecasting maximum hail size, uses a sounding as input, and can be run in seconds on an operational workstation. The model was originally developed in South Africa and then improved upon in Canada, using high quality hail verification data...

Hail and thunderstorm statistics for the 1951-60 period obtained from 119 U.S. Weather Bureau stations in Illinois were conlbined n-ith crop-hail insurance data for this same period for performing a detailed climatological investigation of the frequencies of hail days and thunderstorm days in Illinois. In the crop-growing season thunderstorms occur on 1 out of every 2 days on the average and ha...

The low levels of supercell forward flanks commonly exhibit distinct differential reflectivity (ZDR) signatures, including the low-ZDR hail signature and the high-ZDR ‘‘arc.’’ The ZDR arc has been previously associated with size sorting of raindrops in the presence of vertical wind shear; here this model is extended to include size sorting of hail. Idealized simulations of a supercell storm obs...

Coincidental radar measurements and in situ ground-truth observations of large, oblate hail has allowed new insights into the fall mode of oblate hailstones. The effect of the fall mode upon hail-detection algorithms using multi-parameter radar is investigated and discussed, as is the vexed problem of extracting realistic rainfall rates in regions where hail and rain coexist. Observations prese...

Forecasters currently have very few tools at their disposal to aid them in predicting the maximum expected hail size. Moreover, the few tools that are available frequently forecast unrealistically large hail sizes in high CAPE environments. Perhaps the main reason for this is that the hail growth process is very complex and consequently, any ingredients-based forecasting methods that are typica...

BACKGROUND Obesity contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. We, therefore, aimed to provide epidemiological data on the prevalence of obesity in Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODOLOGY Data were collected during cross-sectional survey which included 5000 Saudi selected from 30 primary health care centers (PHCs) in Hail Region. RESULTS The overall preval...

This work presents the feasibility study regarding the realization of hail sensing probes for remote sensing and study of hail. The probes are designed as artificial hailstones in order to study both the physical properties of the portion of atmosphere where the formation of hail occurs and the modification of atmospheric conditions while the hailstones are falling to the ground. The basic idea...

Yellow elephants are slow. A major reason is that they consume their inputs entirely before responding to an elephant rider’s orders. Some clever riders have trained their yellow elephants to only consume parts of the inputs before responding. However, the teaching time to make an elephant do that is high. So high that the teaching lessons often do not pay off. We take a different approach. We ...

There is a strong economic incentive to reduce mite-vectored virus outbreaks. Most outbreaks in the central High Plains of the United States occur in the presence of volunteer wheat that emerges before harvest as a result of hail storms. This study provides a conceptual framework for developing a risk map for wheat diseases caused by mite-vectored viruses based on pre-harvest hail events. Tradi...