The ion transport mechanism that regulates intracellular pH (pHi) in giant barnacle muscle fibers was studied by measuring pHi and unidirectional Na+ fluxes in internally dialyzed fibers. The overall process normally results in a net acid extrusion from the cell, presumably by a membrane transport mechanism that exchanges external Na+ and HCO-3 for internal Cl- and possibly H+. However, we foun...

The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of extrusion parameters (extrusion stresses and temperature) and die geometry, i.e. extrusion radius, on the extruded aluminum quality using FEM Simulation Technique. For this purpose, the general FEA Software ABAQUS was used to set up the finite element model of the warm aluminum extrusion in two dimensions (2D). Aluminum alloy Al-2014 wa...

This paper describes the instrumentation and computer interface design for an extrusion tool to monitor certain process parameters during forward cold extrusion. A load sensing component, i.e. load cell was designed and manufactured to measure the extrusion forces. The load cell consisted of an individual component within a die set mounted in a 200-tonne hydraulic press, designed to study forwa...

Among all recognized severe plastic deformation techniques, a new method, called the equal channel forward extrusion process, has been experimentally studied. It has been shown that this method has similar characteristics to other severe plastic deformation methods, and the potential of this new method was examined on the mechanical properties of commercial pure aluminum. The results indicate t...

slab method of analysis has been used for solving metal forming problems for a long time. however it has been restricted to plane strain and axisymmetric problems due to limitations in its formulations. in this paper a new formulation has been proposed so that it could be applied to three dimensional problems in metal forming. a parametric slab has been considered in this analysis and the force...

Abstract Numerical optimisation is applied to rod extrusion in order generate optimal parameter sets which result reduced damage accumulation. A brief overview of academic applications for given. Their restrictions are reflected upon, leading the proposed framework utilising commercial software Abaqus FEA, enables industrial problems with frictional contact. The setup modularly enable arbitrary...