Textual perspective is the introduction of a subjective viewpoint that restricts the validity of the presented information to a particular person in the discourse. Strong perspective is accomplished through quotation and focalization, that is, presentation of narrative material through a character’s discourse or consciousness. Subtle perspective that introduces an implicit viewpoint, is accompl...

This paper discusses dream as a narrative strategy in selected classical Malay texts. The discussion covers six historiographical texts: Sulalatus Salatin, Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai, Banjar, Tuhfat Al-Nafis, Babad Tanah Jawa and Syair Peperangan Aceh. Mieke Bal's theory (2017) is used the main method of discussion. In her book, Narratology: Introduction to Theory Narrative (2017), Bal presents 12...

Narrative process and its narrative mechanisms help the reader make sense of the way events happen in a story. Using repeating images in the text of a story is a method of narrative development.  In Shahnameh, dealing with the world and images it gives rise to is one of the central motives of the text. The narrator in different parts of the poem seems captivated by the image of the world and th...

this essay is a narrative study of the novel “beggar” (al shahaz) by naguib mahfouz (the renowned egyptian writer). a noticeable part of this research has been allocated to the narrative style of the novel in which discussions such as point of view, focalization, speech-expression method and thoughts have been examined. in this article, in addition to narration, discussions like title, opening,...

The present research featured some narrative peculiarities, which could belong both to the narrator or other characters and violate initial focalization. paper focuses on zero focalization evaluation of personages. objective was analyze Russian equivalents adjective pauvre substantive bonhomme, contain subjective in character’s nomination. fragments from G. Flaubert’s novel Madame Bovary its ni...

There is a long tradition in philosophy and literary criticism of belief the social moral benefits exposure to fiction, recent empirical work has examined some these claims. However, little this research addressed textual features responsible for hypothesized cognitive effects. We present two experiments examining whether readers’ cognition are influenced by perspective from which narrative tol...

The study aims at shedding light on the narrative structure in book titled ( Reward and good Sequence) Written by Ibn Aldaih, demonstrating two sides of histoire items acts' system, characters, setting discourse which is embodied techniques, chronicle focalization, it also clarifying advantages blog shows that traditional books are flexible to be a topic for modern criticizing readings these ab...

This article evaluates the application of dominant institutional discourses, such as psychoanalysis, in the interpretation of literary fiction. I take up the case of Jean Rhys and her 1929 novel, Quartet. Both author and novel have been analyzed through the concept of masochism, as creating masochistic characters or a masochistic aesthetic. But what do we mean when we so classify or “diagnose” ...