Retention of the fetal membranes (RFM) or Retention of Placenta (ROP) in the cow is normally defined as the condition in which the fetal membranes are not expelled within a period of 12 hours after expulsion of the fetus. Primary retention of fetal membranes results from a lack of detachment from the maternal caruncles whereas secondary retention is related to a mechanical difficulty in expelli...

Spontaneous preterm birth is the leading cause of infant death and of neurological disabilities in survivors. A significant proportion of spontaneous preterm births are associated with infection. Infection activates inflammation which induces a cascade of events that leads to myometrial contractions and rupture of fetal membranes. In non-gestational tissues, the citrus flavone nobiletin has bee...

Fetal exposure to xenobiotics can be restricted by transporters at the interface between maternal and fetal circulation. Previous work identified transporters in the placenta; however, less is known about the presence of these transporters in the fetal membranes (i.e., yolk sac and amniotic membranes). The purpose of this study was to quantify mRNA and protein expression of xenobiotic transport...

Fetal membranes (such as the chorioallantois and yolk sac) are essential to embryonic development, and have contributed importantly to the evolutionary and ecological diversity of vertebrates. Since the mid-19th century, many scientific careers have been devoted to investigations of their structure, function, and development. However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the diversit...

The effect of bacteria on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2 metabolites by fetal membranes has been investigated. Live bacteria stimulated a large increase in the levels of PGE2 metabolites, but only a small increase in the levels of PGE2 on the fetal side of the membranes. No significant changes in the levels of PGE2 or its metabolites were found on the maternal side. Bacteria...

background: there is evidence of antibacterial properties of human chorioamniotic layer. however, the distinctive contribution of its individual parts, amniotic and chorionic membranes, to these effects is still unknown. the aim of present study was comparison of the antibacterial effects between amniotic and chorionic membranes. methods: chorioamniotic layer was removed from placenta belonging...

OBJECTIVE To determine the association of apoptosis in the layers of human fetal membranes with labor at term. STUDY DESIGN Human fetal membranes were collected from elective cesarean sections (n = 8) and spontaneous vaginal deliveries (n = 8) at term. The extent of apoptosis within the layers of fetal membranes was determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxy-UTP-nick end lab...

The antiviral activity profile of the uterus and fetal membranes from bovine placenta, induced by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) throughout gestation, was investigated. Explants of the endometrium and caruncles were collected from the uterus, and amniochorion, allantochorion and cotyledons, from fetal placenta. Tissue cultures were induced with ~6.0 hemagglutinating units (HU) of NDV. Supern...