documented evidence about the use of the specifi c milk replacers, we conservatively assumed that 12 of 13 case farms used the specifi c milk replacers. We estimated the odds ratio for this risk factor by using logistic regression analysis. Our results indicated that the use of the milk replacers produced by the specifi c factory was associated with BSE infection (odds ratio [OR] 39.3, 95% conf...

From the toxicological point of view, in the last two years melamine and cyanuric acid have become matters of great interest. These substances, especially melamine, have been abused during food and feed adulteration by increasing the content of nitrogen compounds in these products. Melamine and cyanuric acid as individual substances do not pose any serious risk in terms of toxicology. From the ...

In this paper, the results of the Spherical Oil Agglomeration of Abstract .45 micrometer superpits low grade co al pa rticles (Bagworth Colliery, U.K.) within a su spension are prese nte d.Demineralized agglomerates were recovered directly by sieving on a 106 micrometer sieve. Verygood reductions in the ash content of the feed coal samples were achieved. In order to reducethe high levels of the...

The activity aims to trial and applies the result of study palm oil plantation-cattle integration system, especially in feed technology, increase knowledge ability cattle maintenance for Karya Bersama farmers groups. is one farmers’ groups that develop integration. activities are carried out from July November 2017 at Sawit-Sapi Center, Farmers Group located Rokan Hulu District, Riau. began wit...

Abstract Worldwide, feed-food competition for arable land is of rising concern. Swiss agricultural policy wants to promote grass-based cattle feeding through a voluntary direct payment program that currently being revised. The current version the requires minimum share 75–85 per cent feed in yearly rations ruminants. revision suggests financial compensation using concentrates with limited crude...

The high environmental costs of raising livestock are now widely appreciated, yet consumption of animal-based food items continues and is expanding throughout the world. Consumers’ ability to distinguish among, and rank, various interchangeable animal-based items is crucial to reducing environmental costs of diets. However, the individual environmental burdens exerted by the five dominant lives...