A vertical seismic profiling (VSP) method was developed to produce compressional (p-wave) velocity sections in a 3-D survey volume, down to a maximum depth of 57 m. The VSP method consisted of a multilevel hydrophone tool deployed down several wells. Multiple offset surface shotpoints were recorded at multiple azimuths around each well head, using an impact source. The VSP data were processed a...

A high-resolution upper-ocean survey of a cyclonic jet meander and an adjacent cyclonic eddy in the California Current region near 388N, 1268W was conducted as part of the summer of 1993 Eastern Boundary Currents program. Temperature and salinity were measured from a SeaSoar vehicle, and velocity was measured by shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). SeaSoar data show a density fro...

We have developed a case study of crosshole seismic tomography with a cross-firing geometry in which seismic sources were placed in two vertical boreholes alternatingly and receiver arrays were placed in another vertical borehole. There are two crosshole seismic data sets in a conventional sense. These two data sets are used jointly in seismic tomography. Because the local sediment is dominated...

Use the Spur dike as one of the easiest ways to protect the costal of the river has always been of interest to River engineers.The aim of this study was numerical investigate, the effect of distance and angle of the spur dikes parameters  on the pattern of distribution of average velocity  and the location of maximum velocity position at a mild 90 degree bend. For this purpose used ANSYS CFX so...

An analysis of atmospheric energy transport in 22 years (1980–2001) of the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) is presented. In the analyzed budgets, there is a large cancellation between divergences of dry static and latent energy such that the total energy divergence is positive over all tropical oceanic regions except for the east Pacific cold tongue, consistent with previous studies. The west ...

Bee keeping is indispensable to global food production. It is an alternate income source, especially in rural underdeveloped African settlements, and an important forest conservation incentive. However, dwindling honeybee colonies around the world are attributed to pests and diseases whose spatial distribution and influences are not well established. In this study, we used remotely sensed data ...

abstract: since the field of micro electromechanical systems (mems) continues to grow, the flow in micro devices have become an area that receives a significant attention. the microscopic flows are usually characterized by the knudsen number (kn). when the characteristic size of the particle decreases down to a value comparable to the mean free path of the molecules, the continuum assumption fa...

The velocity of movement and applied load affect the production of mechanical power output and subsequently the extent of the adaptation stimulus in strength exercises. We do not know of any known function describing the relationship of power and velocity and load in the bench press exercise. The objective of the study is to find a function modeling of the relationship of relative velocity, rel...

S U M M A R Y Head waves are extremely important in determining the structure of the predominantly layered Earth. While several recent studies have shown the diffractive nature and the 3-D Fréchet kernels of finite-frequency turning waves, analogues of head waves in a continuous velocity structure, the finite-frequency effects and sensitivity kernels of head waves are yet to be carefully examin...