This report covers 33 papers submitted to the session Numerical Analysis of Tunnels and Deep Excavations. The majority of papers (26) addresses aspects related to tunnelling, both NATM and bored tunnels. As compared to previous conferences analysis of interaction between tunnel construction and surrounding structures such as buildings and pile foundations seems to have become more important. On...

There are various methods for stabilizing excavations in urban areas which one of them is the nailing method. Designing a nailing system and analyzing the performance of excavations is done by various software applications. One of these computer programs is PAXIS software which run based on the finite element method (FEM). In the present study, a numerical analysis of the performance of t...

The archaeological campaign of the 16th season of excavations in Tepe Hegmataneh intended to explore the architecturalstructures belonging to the historical period. The excavated area consists of 4 squares including AJ45, AJ46, AK45,and AK46 with a total size of 400 m2 . Excavations in these squares recorded 55, 54, 105, and 116 loci respectively.The architecture belonging to the historical per...

BACKGROUND To describe the clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of focal choroidal excavation in Chinese patients. METHODS Retrospectively, thirty-seven eyes (in 31 patients) that demonstrated focal choroidal excavation on spectral-domain OCT were collected. Their clinical characteristics and other features were also collected and analyzed. RESULTS In total, 42 focal cho...

Blombos Cave is an important site on the Southern Cape of South Africa for supporting " modern behavior " of the Middle Stone Age people. Many contend that the MSA people were not fully modern in behavior because the artifact remains do not support the working of organic material, fishing, and other advanced behavior. They also project that these behaviors may not have originated in Africa. How...

Situated in the Talvar valley of the Bijar County, Tepe Gheshlagh is an archaeological site with a sequence spanning the Chalcolithic through to the Bronze Age. Two seasons of salvage excavations have covered the site as it will be submerged as part of the intended lake of the Talvar Dam. Results from the excavations show evidence of long-lasting Chalcolithic (Dalma) settlements at the site. Da...