The formation of protochlorophyllide and protochlorophyllide phytyl ester was investigated during etioplast biogenesis in order to study the biosynthetic relation of these two compounds. Protochlorophyllide accumulates slowly during the first 2 days of germination, its rate of formation increases sharply during the 3rd day, and then it decreases. Protochlorophyllide phytyl ester starts accumula...

A chemical reaction (esterification) within a molecular monolayer at the liquid-solid interface without any catalyst was studied using ambient scanning tunneling microscopy. The monolayer consisted of a regular array of two species, an organic acid (trimesic acid) and an alcohol (undecan-1-ol or decan-1-ol), coadsorbed out of a solution of the acid within the alcohol at the interface of highly ...

Factors affecting aspartimide formation, such as protecting groups, acidity, basicity, and temperature, were studied using the model tetrapeptide, Glu-AspGly-Thr. The aspartyl carboxyl side chain in this tetrapeptide was either free or protected as a benzyl or cyclohexyl ester. Our results showed that the cyclohexyl ester led to far less aspartimide formation during acidic or tertiary amine tre...