Human malaria is known to be transmitted strictly by anopheline mosquitoes. Culicine mosquitoes such as Aedes spp. and Culex spp. are important vectors of other human pathogens including viruses and filarial worms, but have never been observed to transmit mammalian malarias. Culicines do transmit avian malarias and, interestingly, allow partial development of mammalian-infectious Plasmodium par...

background: cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a major health problem in many parts of iran, although diagnosis of cl especially in the endemic area is easy, but treatment and management of the disease is a global dilemma. diag-nosis of cl in non-endemic area is not as simple as in endemic foci. in this study, the status and the proportions of cl induced by leishmania major and l. tropica among cl...

Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis. The microorganism is transmitted to humans by contact with, or ingestion of, infected animal tissues, by insect bites, consumption of contaminated food or water, or from inhalation of aerolized bacteria. In this report we describe a case of tularemia presenting with multiple cervical lymphadenitis in Asturias (Spain). Final diagn...