E-learning provides a convenient and efficient way for learning. Formative assessment not only guides student in instruction and learning, diagnose skill or knowledge gaps, but also measures progress and evaluation. An efficient and convenient e-learning formative assessment system is the key character for e-learning. However, most e-learning systems didn’t provide methods for assessing learner...

Statistical graphics are important both in exploratory data analysis and in presenting results to non-professionals. Pie charts are often used to show a partition, but are hard to compare with each other. A spie chart is a combination of two pie charts: one sets the angles of the slices, and the other sets their areas, by manipulating the radius of each slice individually. This enables an easy ...

'Indian' numerals, which are popular among the Arab population, were used to devise a new Snellen's visual acuity chart. The new chart has the advantages of a reading chart. It keeps the patient's interest, does not miss alexic patients, and is quicker to perform. It is also devoid of the many disadvantages of a kinetic response chart (the capital E letter or Landolt's broken rings), especially...

the most well-known uni-arribute control chart used to monitor the number of nonconformities per unit is the shewhart type c-chart. in this paper, a new method is proposed in an attempt to reduce the false alarm rate in the c-chart. to do this, the decision on beliefs (dob) concept is first uti [1] corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]   lized to design an iterat...

Control charts are effective tools for signal detection in both manufacturing processes and service processes. Much of the data in service industries comes from processes having nonnormal or unknown distributions. The commonly used Shewhart variable control charts, which depend heavily on the normality assumption, are not appropriately used here. We propose a new variance control chart based on...

To solve the bargaining problems of centralized procurement in the environment of e-commerce, we propose a visible tool named as Bargaining Process Chart to support bargaining process. By mapping any bargaining process into a curve from the point with coordinates (0,1) to the halving line of the first quadrant in Cartesian coordinates, Bargaining Process Chart makes the current and historical b...

Simple presentation graphics are intuitive and easyto-use, but show only highly aggregated data and present only a very limited number of data values (as in the case of bar charts), and may have a high degree of overlap which may occlude a significant portion of the data values (as in the case of the x-y plots). In this paper, we therefore propose a generalization of traditional bar charts and ...

Online auctions have demonstrated how e-commerce can transform business, and not merely transplanting conventional processes to a new medium. The resulting emergence and growth of diverse markets pose the intriguing question of what ‘shape’ a given market is in at a particular moment of development. The approach of Topological Analysis, which is based on the Star Plot method in data visualizati...

To date, workflow management focuses on improving the effectivity and efficiency of business processes within one organization. However, today’s corporations are challenged to cross organizational boundaries. Phenomena such as electronic commerce, extended enterprises and the Internet stimulate the cooperation between organizations. Therefore, it is interesting to consider workflows distributed...