the study of the dynamic behavior of a rigid body with one fixed point (gyroscope) has a long history. a number of famous mathematicians and mechanical engineers have devoted enormous time and effort to clarify the role of dynamic effects on its movement (behavior) – stable, periodic, quasi-periodic or chaotic. the main objectives of this review are: 1) to outline the characteristic features of...

The last few months have seen the measurements of the radial velocities of all of the dwarf spheroidal companions to the Andromeda galaxy (M31) using the spectrographs (HIRES and LRIS) on the Keck Telescope. This paper summarises the data on the radial velocities and distances for all the companion galaxies and presents new dynamical modelling to estimate the mass of extended halo of M31. The b...

Gauge-invariant fields in hadrons are defined through the Wilson loop and written in terms of gauge-invariant field correlators. Dynamical equations for fields are considered. It is shown that at small distances in the leading order αs aproximation they correspond to Maxwell equations with electric current and reproduce in particular the color-Coulombic OGE potential. At larger distances nonabe...

A shortcoming of most correlation distance methods based on the composition vectors without alignment developed for phylogenetic analysis using complete genomes is that the "distances" are not proper distance metrics in the strict mathematical sense. In this paper we propose two new correlation-related distance metrics to replace the old one in our dynamical language approach. Four genome datas...

Networks are widely used as a tool for describing diverse real complex systems and have been successfully applied to many fields. The distance between networks is one of the most fundamental concepts for properly classifying real networks, detecting temporal changes in network structures, and effectively predicting their temporal evolution. However, this distance has rarely been discussed in th...