we introduce the notions of t-dual rickart and strongly t-dual rickart modules. we provide several characterizations and investigate properties of each of these concepts. it is shown that every free (resp. finitely generated free) $r$-module is t-dual rickart if and only if $overline{z}^2(r)$ is a  direct summand of $r$ and end$(overline{z}^2(r))$ is a semisimple (resp. regular) ring. it is sho...

in this research, the ability of bacillus strains in suppression of mycelial growth and conidial germination of b. cinerea against botrytis fruit rot of strawberry were evaluated in three cultivars of strawberry including quineliza, paros and kurdistan. results indicated that among 32 strains of bacillus, ten strains showed strong inhibitory effects against b. cinerea using the plate assay and ...

among 160 samples collected from rice paddy of the guilan province including rice plant, seed, rhizospher, paddy's soil, paddy's water and sclerotium of the causal agent of rice sheath blight (rhizoctonia solani), 610 bacterial strains were isolated. 71 bacterial strains (11.64%) had the ability of inhibition mycelial growth fungus in dual culture test on pda medium. according to two characteri...

Microbial syntrophic metabolism has been well accepted as the heart of how methanogenic and other anaerobic microbial communities function. In this work, we applied a single-cell RT-qPCR approach to reveal gene-expression heterogeneity in a model syntrophic system of Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Methanosarcina barkeri, as compared with the D. vulgaris monoculture. Using the optimized primers and ...

members of the genus bacillus are among the most promising candidates for biological control of plant pathogenic bacteria. in this study, cell free supernatants of three strains b. subtilis utb96, b. subtilis utb1 and b. subtilis utb70 against aspergillus flavus r5 were investigated using dual culture assay. strain b. subtilis utb96 showed the highest inhibition effect. thin lyer chromatography...

two yeast isolates, a4 and a5 of candida membranifuciens and one isolate, a6 of pichia guilliermondii were tested either separately or in mixture for their effectiveness against apple gray mold, caused by botrytis cinerea pres.: fr. as regards the compatibility of the biocontrol agents, it was shown that yeast isolates were compatible with each other in liquid media. results of the experiments ...

activities of thirty bacterial strains obtained from plants rhizosphere in different areas against phytophthora drechsleri were assessed through in vitro and greenhouse experiments. dual culture and extracellular metabolites tests were used in in vitro assays. the bacterial strains inhibited growth of p. drechsleri, the highest inhibition zones was belonged to t17-4 strain with 61.904% in dual ...