نتایج جستجو برای: dermal absorption

تعداد نتایج: 148163  

Journal: :The international journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2013
A Behroozy

Hazardous chemicals may enter the body by inhalation, ingestion, injection or dermal absorption. These exposure routes constitute the overall exposure burden on the body. Most occupational exposure studies have focused on measurement of the concentration of air-borne contaminants and other possible routes of exposure are often overlooked.Several studies have already highlighted the importance o...

2012
M. JANČÍKOVÁ

This study is focused on the evaluation of zinc oxide properties and behavior at commercially available cosmetic ingredients by in vitro methods of dermal absorption of zinc oxide and its subsequent chemical determinations. Two methods for determination of ZnO were used and the results were compared. The spectrophotometric method (SPM) was selected for its sensitivity and atomic absorption spec...

2012
Yolanda Pico Maria Tasheva

This guidance on the assessment of dermal absorption has been developed to assist notifiers, users of test facilities and Member State authorities on critical aspects related to the setting of dermal absorption values to be used in risk assessments of chemical plant protection products. It is based on the opinion on the science behind the revision of the guidance document on dermal absorption (...

Journal: :Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 2007
Yvette W Lowney Ronald C Wester Rosalind A Schoof Colleen A Cushing Melanie Edwards Michael V Ruby

Regulatory agencies have relied on dermal absorption data for soluble forms of arsenic as the technical basis for specific absorption values that are used to calculate exposure to arsenic in weathered soil. These evaluations indicate that percutaneous absorption of arsenic from soil ranges from 3.2 to 4.5% of the dermally applied dose, based on studies of arsenic freshly mixed with soil. When t...

Journal: :Cutaneous and ocular toxicology 2017
Alain Stricker-Krongrad Catherine R Shoemake Jason Liu Derek Brocksmith Guy Bouchard

The use of miniature swine as a non-rodent species in safety assessment has continued to expand for over a decade and their use has become routine, particularly in pharmacology as a model for human integumentary diseases. Translational preclinical swine study data are now favorably compared and contrasted to human data, and miniature swine models provide important information in dermal safety a...

2012
Derek W Gammon Zhiwei Liu John M Becker

BACKGROUND Carbofuran is a carbamate insecticide that inhibits AChE. Although toxic by ingestion in mammals, it has low dermal toxicity, with relatively few confirmed worker illnesses. This risk assessment describes its time of onset, time to peak effect and time to recovery in rats using brain AChE inhibition in acute and 21 day dermal studies; in vitro rat/human relative dermal absorption for...

2013
Christiane Vleminckx Helen Hakansson

Explanation ..................................................................................................... 227 Evaluation for acceptable daily intake ............................................................ 228 1. Biochemical aspects .......................................................................... 228 1.1 Absorption, distribution and excretion .................................

Journal: :British medical journal 1985
P J Hubner P R Jones I A Galer

Dermal nitrate preparations are claimed to be useful in the treatment of angina, as their slow absorption by-passing the liver leads to a sustained action. Ten patients with angina were exercised on a treadmill after dermal application of 16.64 mg glyceryl trinitrate or 100 mg isosorbide dinitrate or placebo. Exercise duration was significantly increased at one and three hours for both nitrate ...

Journal: :Toxicology and applied pharmacology 2007
Matthew J Traynor Simon C Wilkinson Faith M Williams

Glycol ethers are solvents widely used alone and as mixtures in industrial and household products. Some glycol ethers have been shown to have a range of toxic effects in humans following absorption and metabolism to their aldehyde and acid metabolites. This study assessed the influence of water mixtures on the dermal absorption of butoxyethanol and ethoxyethanol in vitro through human skin. But...

Journal: :Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2013

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