Background: Organizational culture has been defined as an important characteristic that influences the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of providing quality health care services. Nurses are an important group that can influence the overall culture of a health organization positively or negatively. Objectives: To identify the organizational operating culture in total and within levels of the pub...

The study of conoict and cooperation has been an enduring task of scholars, with the most recent arguments being between realists and neoliberal institutionalists.1 Most students of the subject believe that realists argue that international politics is characterized by great conoict and that institutions play only a small role. They also believe that neoliberals claim that cooperation is more e...

I trace the evolution of gun culture in U.S., starting with prehistorical normality and significance projectile weaponry among Homo sapiens, then turning to largely practical use firearms as tools Colonial, Revolutionary, Early Republic eras (ca. 1607–1850). highlight emergence Gun Culture 1.0, which centered on sport hunting, recreation, collecting was core American from approximately 1850 201...

Research on self-affirmation has shown that simple reminders of self-integrity reduce people's tendency to respond defensively to threat. Recent research has suggested it is irrelevant whether the self-affirmation exercise takes place before or after the threat or the individual's defensive response to it, supposedly because the meaning of threats is continuously reprocessed. However, four expe...

Past research has shown that health messages on safer sexual practices that focus on relational consequences are more persuasive than messages that focus on personal consequences. However, we theorize that it is defensiveness against personal risk framing that threatens the self among people from more individualistic cultures. Two studies tested this idea. Study 1 showed that European Americans...

As stakeholders struggle to reconcile calls for accountability and pressures for increased patient safety, criminal prosecution of surgeons and other health-care workers for medical error seems to be on the rise. This paper examines whether legal systems can meaningfully draw a line between acceptable performance and negligence. By questioning essentialist assumptions behind 'crime' or 'neglige...