The Digital controlled oscillator (DCO) is the core element of all digital phase locked loop (ADPLL) system. Here, we propose DCO structures with digital control, reduced hardware and low power consumption. Different DCOs are based on ring based topology having 3, 4 & 5 control bits. Number of control bits can be increased as per the requirement of output frequency range. DCOs using XOR as an i...

A new structure for digitalk controlled oscillator (DCO) is presented in this paper. The proposed structure of DCO is implemented by standard cell libray, and with the help of C program and HSPICE simulator, the DCO can be designed in a systematic way. The DCO, which is realized on a lP4M 0.35-pm CMOS process, has a target jivquencjj at 250MHz, and it covers three process, voltage, and temperat...

A novel and useful millimeter-wave digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) that achieve a tuning range greater than 10% and fine frequency resolution less than 1 MHz. Switched metal capacitors are distributed across a passive resonator for tuning the oscillation frequency. To obtain sub-MHz frequency resolution, tuning step attenuation techniques are used that exploit an inductor and a transforme...

The pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was measured by single breath (DcoSB) and steady state (DcoSS) techniques in 48 patients with various pulmonary circulatory disorders and the results compared with the type of hemodynamic abnormality. Patients with pure inflow obstruction (primary pulmonary hypertension, recurrent pulmonary emboli) had the lowest Dco (mean DcoSB = 14.3 ml/min...

The effects of body position and age on the membrane diffusing capacity (Dm), pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc), and the single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (Dco) were evaluated in the erect (sitting) and supine positions in 16 normal young men (under 40 years old, younger group) and in 13 older men (over 40 years old, older group). Dm and Vc were estimated by several measureme...

Digital controlled oscillators (DCOs) are the core of all digital phase locked loop (ADPLL) circuits. Here, DCO structures with reduced hardware and power consumption having full digital control have been proposed. Three different DCO architectures have been proposed based on ring based topology. Three, four and five bit controlled DCO with NMOS, PMOS and NMOS & PMOS transistor switching networ...

In this paper, a new high dynamic range DigitallyControlled Oscillator (DCO) for All-DPLL systems is proposed. The proposed DCO is based on using a ΔΣ modulator as a Digital-to-Analog converter. Using ΔΣ DAC can provide a very high resolution (18-bit) control on the DCO. The ΔΣ DAC output is a 2-level pulse signal that needs to be filtered for cancelling the out of band shaped noise. The used Δ...

This paper introduces a new programming model for distributed systems, distributed composite objects (DCO), to meet efficient implementation, transparency, and performance demands of distributed applications with cooperating users connected through the internet. DCO model incorporates two basic concepts: composition and replication. It allows the representation of an object as a collection of s...

A low-power and low-jitter 12-bit CMOS digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) design is presented. The Low-Power CMOS DCO is designed based on the ring oscillator implemented with Schmitt trigger inverters. The proposed DCO circuit uses control codes of thermometer type to reduce jitters. Performance of the DCO is verified through a novel All Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL) designed with a uni...

Scientific research practices regularly adopt new technologies and platforms in an effort to increase information timeliness, sharing and discoverability. There are many initiatives related to open data, open code, open access, open collections, composing the topic of Open Science in academia. Being open has two levels of meanings. The first is to make the data, code, sample collections and pub...