the abbasid era has been the period of florescence of the islamic culture and civilization. literature was of great contention in this era.the present article studies the relationship between translation and literary criticism which resulted in changes in the basic theories of literary criticism by critics.

mohammad akram (ghanimat-e-konjahi) was from gujarat, india and lived during the era of alamgir king (eleventh and twelfth centuries). in his poetry, one can find new ideas and delicate senses especially in his neirang-e-eshgh, which is also known as ghanimat. his complete collection of poetry consists of lyrics, elegies and quatrains. in his poetry, ghanimat has followed great masters of poetr...

The present study retested previously reported empirical evidence suggesting an iconic relation between sound and emotional meaning in poetry. To this end, we analyzed the frequency of certain phoneme classes in 48 German poems and correlated them with ratings for emotional classification. Our analyses provide evidence for a link between the emotional classification of poems (joyful vs. sad) an...

Satyajit Ray’s films are enriched with ideological concerns and engage the issues of colonialism crisis nationhood. His post 1970 present an artist’s anguished response to betrayal Nehruvian dream anachronism his own cherished values. It was also in this period that Ray turned India’s colonial past critiqued dynamics power relations. This essay studies how Shatranj ke Khilari (The Chess Players...

badi’ iyaat – created as a new technique in a period of arabic literature, that is known as the decline era. the study of this technique as a form of poetry in this era, creates a cloud of doubt for naming the period. there have been many poets with thousands of great poems that reflect the prominence of this era not its decline. the writer of this article has studied badi’ iyaat in khazaanat –...

Mikhail Gasparov concludes his monograph “A History of European Versification” with the recognition that in development particular verse forms each tradition poetry, there is a permanent interaction between two types poetry: those oral popular and bookish culture. The engendered by culture are assimilated culture, while literary descend into (Gasparov 1996: 295). Here, folk poetry represents pu...

Conveying scientific content with accuracy and fluency takes practice and requires deep understanding of the concepts being conveyed. This depth of knowledge comes from internalizing information and constructing it into a form that is unique and coherent to the individual. Often in science classrooms there is little or no opportunity for students to practice this type of thinking, activities th...

the fourth and fifth centuries ah are the golden era of arabic poetry in iran when we see a great movement in arabic poetry across iran.although it is unknown why, sistan in iran had a great role in the development and prosperity of arabic poems. but no investigation has been done about its role up to now. the presentresearch seeks topresent some topics of arabic poetry in sistanthrough explori...