Optical technologies are ubiquitous in telecommunications networks and systems, providing multiple wavelength channels of transport at 2.5 Gbit/sec to 40 Gbit/sec data rates over single fiber optic cables. Market pressures continue to drive the number of wavelength channels per fiber and the data rate per channel. This trend will continue for many years to come as electronic commerce grows and ...

1. Current Views of Global Carrying Capacity 2. The Global Social, Economic, and Cultural Situation 2.1. Economic Differences 2.2. Cultural Differences 2.3. A Comparison of Production and Consumption between Developed and Developing Countries 3. Carrying Capacity of Natural Resources 4. The Environment, Environmental Problems, and Environmental Protection 5. Population, Resources, and Environme...

The current study investigates performance in two-stage production systems through the measurement of capacity utilization (CU). In short-run, the degree of capacity utilization depends on the ability of decision making units to utilize fixed production factors. To develop this indicator in two-stage production processes, a modified SBM network DEA model is proposed. A numerical example is also...

the reported work is on the preparation and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol -g- polyacrylic acid (pva-g-paa)/ polybenzimidazole sulfone (pbis) cation exchange membrane used for the electro dialysis of sodium chloride solution. the polymer syrup has been prepared using the grafting method with the help of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid in the presence of water solvent. the polymer ...

 This paper investigates the financial stability, measured by z-score technique in Islamic banking system of 20 countries from 2000 to 2010. We compare the stability of Islamic banks to the commercial banks, before and after the financial crisis. The empirical results from panel estimation show that: a) the large Islamic banks are more stable than the large commercial banks and furthermo...