The authors of Polish medieval narrative accounts from and about Poland communicated episodes Christian holy war proto-crusades in a distinct consistent way the early twelfth century. In this article I will argue that anonymous author Gesta principum Polonorum presented conquest Pomerania as war, hundred years later, learned Vincentius Bishop Cracow his Chronica depicted three military campaign...

levant region (eastern mediterranean) has been of special importance in the history of commercial activities. in seventh/thirteenth century, two significant events influenced the development and prosperity of the commercial activities of this region, of which the most important were in the field of slave trade. first, the developments of the crusades, especially the fourth crusade (1204 ce) and...

Fr. Dariusz Wiśniewski devoted his next book to the complicated and still relevant problem of inter-religious relations between Latin Christians Muslims. This time he has focused on activity St. Francis Order Friars Minor during 13th century. In those days, were involved in Crusades, missions diplomatic affairs Iberia, North Africa Holy Land. Franciscans among loyal supporters papacy. At some p...

This article is devoted to the consideration and analysis of modern foreign historiography on issue Spiritual Knightly Orders Crusades. The purpose a historiographical review works by authors, both articles, monographs dissertations, collections conference papers this main recent trends in study their role Crusades, which influenced not only further medieval history Western Europe, but World hi...