atmospheric circulation patterns are responsible for drought and flood occurrences around the globe specifically in moderate mid latitude climates. while some circulation patterns are responsible for wet spells and floods as well, the drought events can be attributed to some other circulation patterns. therefore, identification and distinction of dry/wet producing patterns and the geographical ...

In this research different types of Al2O3 were used as supports to prepare catalysts for dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene. These supports were Al2O3 from Merck, Axen and gamma Al2O3 synthesized from Al(OH)3. Sn/Pt/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by sequential impregnation, at first Pt and then Sn was deposited. Characterization of catalysts was performed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)...

Densities, structural effects and viscosities of binary nonelectrolyte systems including nitrobenzene + 2-propanol, 2-butanol and 2-pentanol at temperatures (293.15 to 323.15) K and normal atmospheric pressure were measured using an Anton-Paar SVM 3000 stabinger viscometer. Excess molar volumes  and viscosity deviations Δη were calculated and correlated by the Redlich-Kister equation to estimat...

An accurate estimation of the chlorophyll-a (Chla) concentration is crucial for water quality monitoring and is highly desired by various government agencies and environmental groups. However, using satellite observations for Chla estimation remains problematic over coastal waters due to their optical complexity and the critical atmospheric correction. In this study, we coupled an atmospheric a...

The characteristics of atmospheric low-frequency variability and midlatitude SST variability as simulated by the NCAR Climate System Model are analyzed in the vicinity of the North Paciic and North Atlantic basins. The simulated spatial patterns of variability correspond quite well to those seen in observational datasets, although there are some diierences in the amplitudes of variability. Comp...

Current day operational ensemble weather prediction systems generally rely upon perturbed atmospheric initial states, thereby neglecting the eventual effect on the atmospheric evolution that uncertainties in initial soil temperature and moisture fields could bring about during the summer months. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of the soil states in medium-range weather predicta...

The winter response of the coupled atmosphere–ocean mixed layer system to anomalous geostrophic ocean heat flux convergence in the Kuroshio Extension is investigated by means of experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to an entraining ocean mixed layer model in the extra-tropics. The direct response consists of positive SST anomalies along the Kuroshio Extension and a ...

This paper presents a quantitative methodology for evaluating air–sea fluxes related to ENSO from different atmospheric products. A statistical model of the fluxes from each atmospheric product is coupled to an ocean general circulation model (GCM). Four different products are evaluated: reanalyses from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the European Centre for Medium-...