Big Bang is the widely accepted model of the beginning of our cosmos some 13.7 billion years ago from a single point source into its present-day expansion which is continuing at an unexplained accelerating rate. All known physical processes in our universe are governed by the laws of thermodynamics, except for the moment of creation which defies the conservation of energy even though the cosmos...

We present Spitzer 70 and 160 μm observations of the COSMOS Spitzer survey (S-COSMOS). The data processing techniques are discussed for the publicly released products consisting of images and source catalogs. We present accurate 70 and 160 μm source counts of the COSMOS field and find reasonable agreement with measurements in other fields and with model predictions. The previously reported coun...

We summarise the existing CoSMoS approach to modelling and simulating complex systems, then introduce how the various CoSMoS models are related via their metamodel, and demonstrate the generality of the process by discussing its application to engineering bio-inspired systems.

COSMOS is a method for specifying the behavior of a synchronizable data store by modeling the data store as a state machine. Such a model can be used to define a standard for interoperable data synchronization systems, defining the sequence of messages sent and received during synchronization without constraining the implementation of a conforming system. COSMOS models can be collected, studied...

Integral linear energy transfer (LET) spectra of cosmic radiation (CR) particles were measured on five Cosmos series spacecraft in low Earth orbit (LEO). Particular emphasis is placed on results of the Cosmos 1887 biosatellite which carried a set of joint U.S.S.R.-U.S.A. radiation experiments involving passive detectors that included thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs), plastic nuclear track de...

We propose a context-sensitive probabilistic modeling system (COSMOS) that reasons about a complex, dynamic environment through a series of applications of smaller, knowledge-focused models representing contextually relevant information. COSMOS uses a failure-driven architecture to determine whether a context is supported, and consequently whether the current model remains applicable. The indiv...

Concerns are a prominent focus of attention in the early stages of the software life cycle. Particular approaches to requirements engineering and architectural design address particular concerns and relationships, often from a multidimensional perspective. Cosmos is a general-purpose, multidimensional, concern-space modeling schema that can also be used to model early-stage concerns and relatio...

We describe a new approach to model construction using transfer function diagrams that are consequently mapped into generalized loopy logic, a first-order, Turing-complete stochastic language. Transfer function diagrams support representation of dynamic systems with interconnected components. We demonstrate how these diagrams provide interfaces to a context-sensitive probabilistic modeling syst...

This paper proposes the technique enabling a design of readymade library composed of high performance and small size acoustic models utilizing the method of visualizing multiple HMM acoustic models onto two-dimensional space (“COSMOS” method: aCOustic Space Map Of Sound), and providing one of these models without overburdening users. The acoustic space (as expressed in multi-dimensional future ...

The newly-developed cosmic-ray method for measuring area-average soil moisture at the hectometer horizontal scale is being implemented in the COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System (or the COSMOS). The stationary cosmic-ray soil moisture probe measures the neutrons that are generated by cosmic rays within air and soil and other materials, moderated by mainly hydrogen atoms located primarily ...