The shuttlebox performance of goldfish was studied under standardized conditions in a variety of problems--with or without an avoidance contingency, a conditioned stimulus (CS)-termination contingency, and an escape contingency. The effects of CS-only, unconditioned stimulus (US)-only, and explicitly unpaired training were also examined. All the data could be simulated quantitatively with a ver...

We develop a rule-based contingency misfit model and related hypotheses to test empirically the Burton and Obel (1998) multicontingency model for strategic organizational design. The model is a set of “if-then” misfit rules, in which misfits lead to a loss in performance; they are complements to the strategy and organizational contingency theory fit rules. Using data from 224 smalland medium-si...

Introduction During the 1960s, management theory and research began to adopt a new orientation, one that embodied a remarkably simple concept and enabled significant advancements in the study of management and organisations. This orientation, now referred to as the contingency approach, emphasises the importance of situational influences on the management of organisations and questions the exis...

Role theory has proved remarkably promising in examining effectiveness of marketing-oriented boundary spanners. This paper reviews different approaches for examining role theory implications for boundary spanners—namely universalistic and contingency approaches—and develops the configural approach by extending configurational theory principles to role theory. Neither the contingency nor the con...

this article aims to identify what and how factors influence management of supply risk in automotive industry supply chain. based on grounded theory and 13qualitative in-depth interviews with 10 managers in iran's automotive industry supply chain, a theoretical framework is developed to examine antecedents and effective factors of this process. this framework suggests a broad range of fact...

Although practitioners have begun to implement Green IT into their companies, the governance of Green IT varies significantly. No research has been done to explain these differences in Green IT governance. Building upon contingency theory and IT governance, we develop a contingency model for Green IT governance which demonstrates the fit between contingencies and the company-specific configurat...

Although practitioners have begun to implement Green IT into their companies, the governance of sustainable information systems varies significantly. Only little has been done to explain these differences in Green IT governance. Building upon contingency theory and IT governance, we develop a contingency model for Green IT governance which demonstrates the fit between contingencies and the comp...

Contingency tables represent data in a granular way and are a well-established tool for inductive generalization of knowledge from data. We show that the basic concepts of rough sets, such as concept approximation, indiscernibility, and reduct can be expressed in the language of contingency tables. We further demonstrate the relevance to rough sets theory of additional probabilistic information...