1 Introduction Recent models of causation place the concept of CAUSE within a broader framework of concepts that includes the notions of LETTING, HINDERING, HELPING and PREVENTING. In each model, the related concepts are defined in terms of a small set of conceptual distinctions. This paper examines the relationship between the cognitive and linguistic systems. Specifically, we investigate whet...

i've included the sermon alhqhqih to study the stylistic fun, included the language of values ​​and then semantic, also included compositional values ​​and then synthetic, and also contained the interrelationships in the unity of text and dimensions in the context, or the so-called b (the appropriate flag), and the federation of text and dimensions were able to access to aesthetic ...

in this paper some algebraic structures for linguistic fuzzy models are defined for the first time. by definition linguistic fuzzy norm, stability of these systems can be considered. two methods (normed-based & graphical-based) for stability analysis of linguist fuzzy systems will be presented. at the follow a new simple method for linguistic fuzzy numbers calculations is defined. at the end tw...

background: localized alveolar ridge defect may create physiological and pathological problems. developments in surgical techniques have made it simpler to change the confi guration of a ridge to create a more aesthetic and more easily cleansable shape. the purpose of this study was to compare the effi cacy of alveolar ridge augmentation using a subepithelial connective tissue graft in pouch an...

This paper describes the system developed by the UBham team for the SemEval2014 Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis task (Task 4). We present an approach based on deep linguistic processing techniques and resources, and explore the parameter space of these techniques applied to the different stages in this task and examine possibilities to exploit interdependencies between them.

Absolute linguistic universals are often justified by cross-linguistic analysis: If all observed languages exhibit a property, the property is taken to be a likely universal, perhaps specified in the cognitive or linguistic systems of language learners and users. In many cases, these patterns are then taken to motivate linguistic theory. Here, we show that cross-linguistic analysis will very ra...

Cross-linguistic evidence shows that languages often employ specialized causal connectives to express subjective versus objective relations. This mostly comes from corpus studies. However, the phenomenon of connective specialization can also be approached with experimental methods. The present study set out compare different methods investigating subjectivity profiles in a language, uncovering ...

We present a classification model that predicts the presence or omission of a lexical connective between two clauses, based upon linguistic features of the clauses and the type of discourse relation holding between them. The model is trained on a set of high frequency relations extracted from the Penn Discourse Treebank and achieves an accuracy of 86.6%. Analysis of the results reveals that the...