In this article, error detection for broadcast news transcription system is addressed in a post-processing stage. We investigate a logistic regression model based on features extracted from confusion networks. This model aims to estimate a confidence score for each confusion set and detect errors. Different kind of knowledge sources are explored such as the confusion set solely, statistical lan...

In the standard MAP approach to speech recognition, the goal is to find the word sequence with the highest posterior probability given the acoustic observation. Recently, a number of alternate approaches have been proposed for directly optimizing the word error rate, the most commonly used evaluation criterion. One of them, the consensus decoding approach, converts a word lattice into a confusi...

This paper examines the issue of racial profiling from a cognitive perspective. This approach emphasizes that misunderstanding of probability regarding the correlation between race and crime plays a role in prompting racial profiling. The misunderstanding consists of the confusion of relative frequency and absolute frequency of the correlation and ignoring the probability of committing the stat...

The origin and the evolutionary stability of cooperation between unrelated individuals is one of the key problems of evolutionary biology. In this paper, a cooperative defence game against a predator is introduced which is based on Hamilton's selfish herd theory and Eshel's survival game models. Cooperation is altruistic in the sense that the individual, which is not the target of the predator,...

In survival analysis, a competing risk is an event whose occurrence precludes the occurrence of the primary event of interest. Outcomes in medical research are frequently subject to competing risks. In survival analysis, there are 2 key questions that can be addressed using competing risk regression models: first, which covariates affect the rate at which events occur, and second, which covaria...

Modern axiomatic uncertainty theories (fuzzy logic, probability theory and others) provide a calculus for manipulating with probabilities, membership functions, and degrees of belief when the initial values such as probabilities of elementary events are already given. These theories do not include a mechanism for getting initial uncertainty values. The value of these theories is in computing un...

The concept of consumer confusion has gained a considerable attention in consumer behavior literature during recent years. However,it is considered as a relatively new concept in marketing, particularly in businesses that provide intangible products such as tourism. This study aimed to investigate factors that potentially influence consumer confusion proneness in purchasing outbound package tou...

In the current discussion about the capacity of Bayesianism in reasoning under uncertainty, there is a conceptual and notational confusion between the explicit condition and the implicit condition of a probability evaluation. Consequently, the limitation of Bayesianism is often seriously underestimated. To represent the uncertainty of a belief system where revision is needed, it is not enough t...