A newly developed optical method for noninvasively measuring the switching activity of operating CMOS integrated circuit chips is described. The method, denoted as picosecond imaging circuit analysis (PICA) can be used to characterize the gate-level performance of such chips and identify the locations and nature of their operational faults. The principles underlying PICA and examples of its use...

Due to the high density and the low consumption power in the digital integrated circuits, mostly technology of CMOS is used. During the past times, the Metal oxide silicon field effect transistors (MOSFET) had been used for the design and implementation of the digital integrated circuits because they are compact and also they have the less consumption power and delay to the other transistors. B...

Due to the high density and the low consumption power in the digital integrated circuits, mostly technology of CMOS is used. During the past times, the Metal oxide silicon field effect transistors (MOSFET) had been used for the design and implementation of the digital integrated circuits because they are compact and also they have the less consumption power and delay to the other transistors. B...

Over the past decade, significant progress in quantum technologies has been made and, hence, engineering of these systems become an important research area. Many researchers have interested studying ways which classical integrated circuits can be used to complement mechanical systems, enabling more compact, performant, and/or extensible than would otherwise feasible. In this article—written by ...

A latchup current self-stop methodology and circuit design, which are used to prevent damage in the bulk CMOS integrated circuits due to latchup, are proposed in this paper. In a bulk CMOS chip, the core circuit blocks are always latchup sensitive due to a low holding voltage of the parasitic SCR path. The proposed latchup prevention methodology and circuit design can detect and stop the occurr...

Multi-threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) is commonly utilized for suppressing leakage currents in idle integrated circuits. The deactivation/reactivation energy consumption however degrades the effectiveness of the MTCMOS technique for providing significant savings in total energy consumption in CMOS integrated circuits. The sources of mode transition energy consumption in noise-aware MTCMOS circuits are ...

Three-dimensional (3D), multi-transistor-layer, integrated circuits represent an important technological pursuit promising advantages in integration density, operation speed, and power consumption compared with 2D circuits. We report fully functional, 3D integrated complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits based on separate interconnected layers of high-mobility n-type indium arse...

Today, the use of CMOS technology for the manufacture of electronic ICs has faced many limitations. Many alternatives to CMOS technology are offered and made every day. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is one of the most widely used. QCA gates and circuits have many advantages including small size, low power consumption and high speed. On the other hand, using special digital gates called re...

We present a fully integrated 12.5-Gb/s optical receiver fabricated with standard 0.13-µm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology for 850-nm optical interconnect applications. Our integrated optical receiver includes a newly proposed CMOS-compatible spatially-modulated avalanche photodetector, which provides larger photodetection bandwidth than previously reported CMOS-compati...