Individuals of different quality may have different investment strategies, shaping responses to experimental manipulations, thereby rendering the detection of such patterns difficult. However, previous clutch-size manipulation studies have infrequently incorporated individual differences in quality. To examine costs of incubation and reproductive investment in relation to changes in clutch size...

The purpose of the proposed work centers on the unprecedented task of accurately estimating the torque transmitted through each clutch of the dual clutch transmission. This is to possibly improve the clutch control performance during vehicle launch and gearshifts and to elongate the clutch life. Such goal is attained by only using the measurements and data that are already available in current ...

Broad geographic patterns in egg and clutch mass are poorly described, and potential causes of variation remain largely unexamined. We describe interspecific variation in avian egg and clutch mass within and among diverse geographic regions and explore hypotheses related to allometry, clutch size, nest predation, adult mortality, and parental care as correlates and possible explanations of vari...

Models of optimal clutch size often implicitly assume a situation with uniparental care. However, the evolutionary conflict between males and females over the division of parental care will have a major influence on the evolution of clutch size. Since clutch size is a female trait, a male has little possibility of directly influencing it. However, the optimal clutch size from a female's perspec...

The majority of species in the scincid genus Emoia (Squamata: Scincidae) have a fixed clutch size of two eggs per clutch and produce between two and four clutches per year. One lineage within Emoia, the Emoia samoensis species group, consists of 13 species occurring in Melanesia and the islands of the southwestern Pacific Ocean, and exhibits variation in clutch size, with previously reported cl...

Environmental influences on egg and clutch sizes in lenticand lotic-breeding salamanders. Recent research indicates that social and environmental factors influence egg and clutch sizes in amphibians. However, most of this work is based on the reproductively diverse order Anura (frogs and toads), whereas less research has been conducted on Caudata (salamanders) and Gymnophiona (caecilians). Rese...

Studies were made on the number of egg clutch, copulating pairs, duration of mating, duration of egg laying, and weight of egg clutch of Pila globosa by inducing it with Pituitary Gland (PG) and Optic Tentacle cut (OT) under laboratory condition. The effect of inducing the animal with PG and OT cut showed that it resulted in an increase in the number of egg clutch in comparison with that of the...

The dual clutch transmission was introduced in vehicles to improve driving comfort compared with manual transmissions, and performances, fuel efficiency compared with automatic transmissions. The dual clutch transmission allows to shift gears quickly, comfortably and without interruption in traction. In the dual clutch transmission, the management of the dual clutch in the gearshift phase is a ...

analyzed (female curved carapace length, clutch size, emergence success, incubation period, hatchling production, observed clutch frequency, and observed breeding frequency). Although emergence success is lower in hybrids, hatchling production per clutch, as well as clutch frequency and breeding frequency, is similar among the three groups. These results show that hybrids may persist in this re...