OBJECTIVES To investigate mortality from lung cancer in nickel/chromium platers. METHODS The mortality experience of a cohort of 1762 chrome workers (812 men, 950 women) from a large electroplating and light engineering plant in the Midlands, United Kingdom, was investigated for the period 1946-95. All subjects were first employed in chrome work at the plant during the period 1946-75, and had...

Black liquor alkaline lignin and magnesium lignosulfonate were liquefied at 320 C. The antioxidant abilities of the liquefaction products were compared with the raw materials. Results showed that the total phenol content and unit antioxidant power of both alkaline lignin liquefaction products (ALLP) and magnesium lignosulfonate liquefaction products (MLLP) were improved, and ALLP had a larger i...

We determined the effects of lignosulfonate (LS) on nutrient digestibility and on hindgut fermentation characteristics using 80 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a control diet or a diet containing 3% (dry matter basis) of seven selected LS fractions. Lignosulfonate fractions were divided into three categories: two fractionated whole calcium spent sulfite liquors (CaSSL) and one low-molecular-...

With the assistance of sodium lignosulfonate, hierarchical nanoflake-array-flower nanostructure of ZnO has been fabricated by a facile precipitation method in mixed solvents. The sodium lignosulfonate amount used in our synthetic route is able to fine-tune ZnO morphology and an abundance of pores have been observed in the nanoflake-array-flower ZnO, which result in specific surface area reachin...

A method to enumerate labile hydrogens in all constituents of molecular ensemble of natural organic matter (NOM) based on our previously developed simple hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange (electrospray ionization (ESI) ion source (Kostyukevich et al. Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 5330) and ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry is presented. The method was app...

Phenolated lignosulfonate was introduced into the synthesis of phenolic resol with phenol and formaldehyde in an alkaline condition. The modified resol was successfully applied to prepare phenolic foam using appropriate combinations of flowing agents. N-pentane was found to be suitable as the foaming agent. Sulphuric acid (50% aqueous solution, w/w) and Tween-80 were used as catalyst and surfac...

The complexity of humic substances and their remarkable properties have attracted and continue to attract the attention of many investigators, bringing over the years new knowledge on their structure, physicochemical and biological properties pointing to the use of these interesting natural compounds in many practical applications. The numerous investigations produced, up to now, controversial ...

Agricultural producers are interested in using biomass available on farms to substitute fossil fuels for heat production. However, energy crops like reed canary grass contain high nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), potassium (K) and other ash-forming elements which lead to increased emissions of gases and particulate matter (PM) and ash-related operational problems (e.g., melting) during combustion. To ...

In this study we examined the hypothesis based on relevant literature survey that the in vitro corrosion behavior of a Cobalt-chrome dental casting alloy for metal-ceramic restorations is better than that of a Nickel-chrome dental casting alloy. The corrosion released metal ions were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. Moreover, the specimens were electrochemica...

It is rather strange that today I am talking about chrome-free tannages when I have devoted my whole life to improving the chrome-tanning system. When I was a student, I wondered why chrome tanned leather that stood the boil, did so only for about 1 to 2 minutes. My ambition was to find out how leather could be treated like textile, and we discovered and patented a product and process for impro...