A Chiari network is identified in the course of 1.3% to 4% of all autopsies and in 2% of patients who undergo transesophageal echocardiography. This network is associated with patent foramen ovale (PFO) in up to 80% of cases. Moreover, a number of scientific articles have linked this association to the development of stroke. The patient, a 78-year-old man with a history of embolic stroke and no...

We have read the comments of Martı́nez-Quintana et al ncerning the article entitled ‘‘Giant Chiari Network, Foramen ale, and Paradoxical Embolism’’ with interest. As Martı́nez-Quintana et al argue, paradoxical embolism should ainly be taken into account in young patients in whom there is no her cause to explain the occurrence of the stroke. Although the tient in the reported case exhibited other ...

We read the article published by Laguna et al with interest. However, in the wake of that reading, we would like to make a few comments that we believe to be important. The sinus venosus forms part of the right atrium during embryonic development. Over the course of this period, the left cusp of the sinus venosus valve is incorporated into the septum secundum, whereas the right cusp gives rise ...

The Arnold-Chiari malformation is a congenital abnormality of CNS, characterized by downward displacement the parts of the cerebellum, fourth ventricle, pons and medulla oblongata into the spinal canal. This malformation is one of causative factor of death in neonates and infants. A thorough understanding of the direct and indirect sonographic findings is necessary for diagnosis of Chiari II ma...

Coronary artery anomalies rarely detected in autopsy series and angiograms can be a component of complex malformations, besides, can be also associated with sudden cardiac death. Presented case was 22-year-old male, who had suddenly fainted during a football match played on artificial turf, he was transferred into the hospital, however had died during intensive care therapy. He had been evaluat...

the arnold-chiari malformation is a congenital abnormality of cns, characterized by downward displacement the parts of the cerebellum, fourth ventricle, pons and medulla oblongata into the spinal canal. this malformation is one of causative factor of death in neonates and infants. a thorough understanding of the direct and indirect sonographic findings is necessary for diagnosis of chiari ii ma...