Wood has better load-bearing capacity following the formation of a char layer when exposed to fire. The charring rate is the most important property of wood with respect to its fire resistance and fire integrity. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of factors, including density, gas permeability, ring width, grain orientation, and heat flux, on the charring rate. The char...

BACKGROUND Radiofrequency (RF) energy parameters and chronic lesion characteristics associated with the microbubbles formation have not been yet fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to compare the energy profiles and chronic lesion characteristics associated with RF ablation of the pulmonary vein antrum using three different ablation protocols: (1) avoiding microbubble...

Background: Lack of an irrigated tip magnetic catheter has limited the role of remotecontrolled magnetic (RCM) navigation (Niobe II, Stereotaxis) for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results: A novel 3.5-mm tip irrigated magnetic catheter (group I, Thermocool Navistar RMT, Biosense Webster) was used for 3-D left atrial reconstruction (CARTO RMT) and RCM pulmonary vein ...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the size of lesions produced by radiofrequency catheter ablation correlates with the temperature and surface area of the electrode-tissue interface. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of ablation using very large distal electrodes (8F, 8 and 12 mm long) with those made by a conventional radiofrequency ablation catheter (distal...

Different kinds of additive and reactive flame retardants containing phosphorus are increasingly successful as halogen-free alternatives for various polymeric materials and applications. Phosphorus can act in the condensed phase by enhancing charring, yielding intumescence, or through inorganic glass formation; and in the gas phase through flame inhibition. Occurrence and efficiency depend, not...

conclusions: catheter ablation of flutter circuit will not prevent later manifestation of af in 16% of the patients undergoing catheter ablation of the typical afl. bmi was the only independent predictor of af following catheter ablation of the typical afl. objectives; to determine long-term incidence and predictors of af after catheter ablation of typical afl. material and methods: between mar...

This research reports an investigation of the potential of Eucalyptus grandis and Corymbia citriodora for structural applications in civil construction with an emphasis on the wood-charring process in fire condition. Published data on wood carbonization to determine the charring rate for structural propose are sparse in Brazil as there have been only a few studies in this direction. The rate at...