INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to test the clinimetric properties of the Comprehensive Cervical Dystonia Rating Scale. This is a modular scale with modifications of the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (composed of three subscales assessing motor severity, disability, and pain) now referred to as the revised Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Scale-2; a newly develo...

I read with interest the recent case report by Chang and colleagues on unilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus palli-dus internus (GPi) in a patient with delayed-onset posttraumatic cervical dystonia. 1 I congratulate the authors reporting another patient with cervical dystonia responding to GPi DBS. The unique feature in their case is that unilateral stimulation only was used. Th...

I read with interest the recent case report by Chang and colleagues on unilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus palli-dus internus (GPi) in a patient with delayed-onset posttraumatic cervical dystonia. 1 I congratulate the authors reporting another patient with cervical dystonia responding to GPi DBS. The unique feature in their case is that unilateral stimulation only was used. Th...

Dystonia have many subtypes, and is classified as focal, segmental and generalized. As for focal dystonia, spasmodic torticollis (cervical dystonia) and writer's cramp are most common. Cervical dystonia is mainly treated effectively with selective peripheral denervation, and task specific focal dystonia of the hand (writer's cramp) is effectively alleviated by stereotactic ventro-oral thalamoto...

BACKGROUND Abnormalities in the cognitive processing of movement have been demonstrated in patients with dystonia. The sense of agency, which is the experience of initiating and controlling one's own actions, has never before been studied in these patients. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether the sense of agency is altered in patients with cervical dystonia. METHODS We used an explicit metac...

Idiopathic scoliosis is a common disorder characterized by abnormal curvature of the spine with onset typically in adolescence. Adult-onset primary torsion dystonia (AOPTD) is a focal dystonia with onset in early-middle age consisting of abnormal twisting or directional movements and postures; common phenotypes include cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, and focal hand dystonia. Numerous case rep...

a 39-year-old iranian female patient who was a known case of primary cervical dystonia since 10 years ago presented to a private office for dysport injection. the patients experienced severe dysphagia after inferior alveolar nerve block which was preceded by cervical botolinum toxin injection. a possible synergistic effect of botolinum toxin and lidocaine to produce severe dysphagia is presente...

BACKGROUND Cervical dystonia, also known as spasmodic torticollis, is a chronic disorder in which patients exhibit involuntary repetitive contractions of neck muscles resulting in abnormal postures or movements. Occasionally, there is also a dystonic head tremor. The underlying mechanisms for cervical dystonia and dystonic tremor are not clear, and treatments are limited. CASE REPORT In the p...

Objective To examine whether or not an edrophonium challenge test is useful for diagnosing cervical dystonia. Patients We evaluated 10 patients with cervical dystonia and 10 with hemifacial spasms (disease controls). We administered edrophonium and saline in this double-blinded study. Before and after the injection, we recorded the participants' clinical signs using a video camera to assess the...

Treatment with unilateral left globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation is reported in a patient with severe delayed onset post-traumatic cervical dystonia. He had sustained severe head trauma at the age of 17 and had developed a mild right hemiparesis. Three years after the head injury, cervical dystonia with head turning to the left side developed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI...