background: lung cancer is considered as one of the most frequent cancers worldwide, and has been the cause of more than onemillion mortalities each year. exposure to tobacco smoke is the primary cause of most lung cancers, since it contains several thousandcompounds, including more than 50 known carcinogens. however, a small fraction of individuals who are exposed to tobacco smokedevelop lung ...

introduction: job stress is one of the main characteristics of modern life which is increasing and has been recognized as an important risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. the present study was conducted to determine the association between job stress at work environment and cardiovascular diseases. materials and methods: a number of 300 persons including 150 cases and 150 controls were cons...

background: myocardial infarction (mi) is a main cause of death and disability worldwide, whichinvolves a number of genetic, physiopathologic and socio-economic determinants. the aim of thisstudy was to assess the patterns of association between education, wealth and some other risk factorswith non-fatal mi in tehran population.methods: data derived from a second round of large cross-sectional ...

ihd as a modern epidemic of our age is one of the main causes of mortality in iran. this research was done in order to determine the relationship between place of residence and place of occupation (as indicator of air pollution exposures) and other risk factors with ihd. this is a case- control study of ihd involving 191 men aged 45 -70 years. the cases were 91 male patients with myocardial inf...

background: worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. in india and other developing countries, breast carcinoma ranks second only to cervical carcinoma among women. although studies have been done globally, to find the association between breastfeeding and breast cancer, very few studies in india document such a benefit. methods: a case–control study was done from august 2...

background: gastric cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer. as conflicting studies have recently been published, we aimed to evaluate the magnitude of the epidemiological evidence for an association between alcohol consumption and gastric cancer. methods: this study is a meta-analysis of case-control studies which have been performed during 1989 to 2007. we systematically r...

objective: calpains are a family of ca 2+ dependent proteases. there is some evidence that calpains involved in fusion process that occurs between spermatozoa and the oocyte. the current study aimed to investigate the association of smoking with semen quality and µ-calpain level. materials and methods: this case-control study was conducted on 117 normospermia males  between june 2013 and march ...

adverse lifestyle changes like rapid change in dietary habits coupled with decreased physical activity and increasing rates of alcohol and tobacco consumption can increase coronary artery disease risk factors and its mortality even higher than the rates predicted. to evaluate the role of adverse lifestyle changes factors in the causation of cad, a hospital based case-control study was conducted...