We take advantage of four different cross-country datasets containing data on 78 countries for the period 1999-2014, in order to assess the relationship of carbonated soft drinks' sales, as well as their prices, with body mass index (BMI), overweight, obesity and diabetes. Using an ecological study design and multivariate regression longitudinal estimation approaches, we find that carbonated so...

BACKGROUND Adolescents consume a high level of carbonated drinks and this may have significant adverse effects for their weight and oral health. Therefore, we examined the application of key constructs of the Transtheoretical Model (stages of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy) and health as a value (both general and oral) to adolescent carbonated drink consumption and to identify any...

Sweetened carbonated beverages are widely consumed, which has fuelled several conflicting opinions about their effects on upper digestive tract functions. We aimed to evaluate the effect of sweetened carbonated drinks, consumed with a standard meal, on gastro-oesophageal reflux, gastric emptying and gallbladder contraction and postmeal sensations in healthy subjects. Thirteen healthy volunteers...

in this research, anti-microbial activity of ethanolic extract of licorice root against food spoilage microorganisms (lactobacillus delbrueckii, leuconostocmesenteroides, candida krusei, saccharomyces cerevisiae) in an orange flavored carbonated soft drink was investigated. the mic and mbc of extract against lactobacillus delbrueckii was 0.7 mg/ml and 0.8 mg/ml respectively, and against leucono...

An energy drink is a type of beverage containing stimulant drugs, chiefly caffeine, which is marketed as providing mental and physical stimulation. They may or may not be carbonated and many also contain sugar or other sweeteners, herbal extracts and amino acids. First commercial energy drink was introduced in Europe in 1987 and the sale of these drinks increased rapidly throughout the world. T...