Variation in the calpain 10 gene has recently been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes by positional cloning. Since then, studies on calpain 10 have been started in correlation with diabetes and insulin-mediated signaling. In this review, the activation mechanism of calpain by calcium ions, which is essential to understand its physiological functions, is discussed on the basis of recent...

There is an urgent need for treatments sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease (sAD). Although antibodies removing ß-amyloid have recently been shown to slow disease progression, the degenerative course continues. Thus, there a strategies that intervene early in process, before irreversible damage done neurons (e.g., by autophagic degeneration). This review will summarize evidence indicating targeting cal...

BACKGROUND Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) type 2A is caused by mutations in the CAPN3 gene and complete lack of functional calpain 3 leads to the most severe muscle wasting. Calpain 3 is suggested to be involved in maturation of contractile elements after muscle degeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate how mutations in the four functional domains of calpain 3 affect muscle ...

Objectives: The goal of our bioinformatics study was to comprehensively analyze the association between whole calpain family members and progression prognosis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: data were collected from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). landscape gene expression, copy number variation (CNV), mutation, DNA methylation analyzed. Clustering analysis performed stratify calpain-relat...

For a long time now, two ubiquitously expressed mammalian calpain isoenzymes have been used to explore the structure and function of calpain. Although these two calpains, mu- and m-calpains, still attract intensive interest because of their unique characteristics, various distinct homologues to the protease domain of mu- and m-calpains have been identified in a variety of organisms. Some of the...

Limb Girdle Muscular Disease (LGMD) comprise a group of inherited muscular distrophy with chronic progressive weakness hip and shoulder girdles. The inheritance pattern is either autosomal dominant (LGMD1) or recessive (LGMD2). LGMD 2A known as calpainopathy in which there was defect gene encoding the protein named calpain. There are three phenotypes according to distribution muscle age at onse...

BACKGROUND Calpain-10 was the first gene to be identified influencing the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) by positioning cloning. Studies in beta-cell lines and rodent islets suggest that calpain-10 may act as a regulator of insulin secretion. However, its role in human pancreatic islets remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine if calpain-10 expression is altered in islets from patie...

The DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) calpain is a conserved 240-kD key regulator of three-dimensional body patterning in land plants acting via mitotic cell plane positioning. The activity of the cytosolic C-terminal calpain protease is regulated by the membrane-anchored DEK1 MEM, which is connected to the calpain via the 600-amino acid residue Linker. Similar to the calpain and MEM domains, the Linker...

Evidence is presented that the calcium-activated protease, calpain, is required for differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes induced by methylisobutylxanthine (a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor), dexamethasone, and insulin. Calpain is expressed by preadipocytes and its level falls during differentiation. Exposure of preadipocytes to the calpain inhibitor N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleuc...

Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by abnormal metabolism of misfolded tau proteins and progressive. Pathological phosphorylation occurs in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after optic nerve injuries. Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5) causes hyperphosphorylation tau. To determine roles played Cdk5 degeneration, roscovitine, a inhibitor, was injected intravitreally crush (O...