Significant wave height assessment in Bay of Bengal derived from third generation Wave Model (WAM cycle 4) has been improved by assimilating with continuous three hourly data from five moored buoys of National Institute of Ocean Technology using optimum interpolation technique. Covariance based weight function (gain) used in the study captures the model physics behind wind-wave process while di...

among the main factors of friendly commercial and political relations between safavid iran and india were reciprocal needs and policies of safavid kings concerning trade development. thus, various regions of iran, especially isfahan, had became a good market for indian goods. isfahan as a capital of safavid state was a centre of commercial activities of such indians as baniyans, multanians, and...

The design, calibration, and deployment of a buoy and gas-capture assembly for measuring bubbling gas flux in oceans and lakes are described. The assembly collects gas in a chamber while continuously measuring the position of the gas–water interface that forms as gas accumulates. Interface position is determined from the differential pressure between the chamber and ambient seawater. A spar buo...

wave prediction is useful for safety and effective management of vessel navigation or construction of offshore structures. since human activity mainly takes place in nearshore regions, accurate wave prediction is necessary there. however, nearshore waves are not easy to predict compared with ocean waves, because not only the waves but also the wind, which is the energy source of the waves, chan...

Knowledge of Suspended Sediments Dynamics (SSD) across spatial scales is relevant for several fields of hydrology, such as eco-hydrological processes, the operation of hydrotechnical facilities and research on varved lake sediments as geoarchives. Understanding the connectivity of sediment flux between source areas in a catchment and sink areas in lakes or reservoirs is of primary importance to...

Usually, a hydrometeorological information system is faced with great data flows, but the data levels are often excessive, depending on the observed region of the water. The paper presents advanced buoy communication technologies based on multiagent interaction and data exchange between several monitoring system nodes. The proposed management of buoy communication is based on a clustering algor...

Marine surface winds observed by two microwave sensors, SeaWinds and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR), on the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II) are evaluated by comparison with off-shore moored buoy observations. The wind speed and direction observed by SeaWinds are in good agreement with buoy data with root-mean-squared (rms) differences of approximately 1 m s–1 and...

We present a fast sequential assimilation technique for conditioning wave simulations using buoy data. It is based on non-stationary kriging that uses a separable space-time variogram. This variogram is estimated from the history of simulations, as a collection of maps of variances of increments between the logarithms of simulated and observed wave heights. The method finally provides a set of ...